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A 

COMPLETE GUIDE 

TO THE 

ART OF WRITING 

S H R T-H AND: 

BEING 

AN ENTIRELY NEW AND COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM 

OF 

REPRESENTING THE ELEMENTARY SOUNDS 

OF THE 

English Language in Stenographic Characters ; 

BY MEANS OF WHICH, THE EXACT WORDS OF ANY PUBLIC SPEAKER MAY 

BE RECORDED AS PRONOUNCED, AND PRESERVED IN A LEGIBLE 

FORM, SO AS TO BE READ AT ANY FUTURE PERIOD, WITH 

THE UTMOST DEGREE OF EASE AND FACILITY, 



Prepared expressly for the use of Schools and Private Tuition. 

BY T. TOWNDROW, 

^voUsBov Of StenoflrapftB* 



NEW YORK: 

F. J. HUNTINGTON AND Co., 

174 Pearl Street. 

1841. 




7.54 



Entered 

according to Act of Congress, in the year 1837, by 

THOMAS TOWNDROW, 

m the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Massachusetts. 






STEEEOTYPED BY 

FRANCIS F. RIPLEY, 

KEW-YORK. 



PREFACE. 



The Author of this treatise is exceedingly gratified in be- 
ing able to present to the public another edition of his work 
on the Science of Stenography. The extraordinary patron- 
age which he has thankfully received from the literary 
public, has made it not only the Author's interest but his duty 
and a pleasure to revise and amend the work. To ensure 
the permanency of its character the whole has been stereo- 
typed, so that purchasers may hereafter expect the work 
only in its present form. The writer has diligently studied 
to render this science simple and easy of acquirement, and 
if any thing will add to his satisfaction, it will be to learn 
that he has succeeded in exciting an interest for and extend- 
ing the knowledge of a science of such exalted utility. In 
these pages will be found all that is necessary to make an 
accomplished stenographer without the aid of an instructor. 

As the purchaser of this treatise may probably be led to 
inquire what are the advantages which the Author claims 
over the numerous publications that have preceded it on the 
same subject, he will endeavor to point out in as brief a 
manner as possible some of the difficulties which have pre- 
sented themselves to those who have acquired or attempted 
to acquire proficiency in this pleasing and very useful ac- 
complishment, and the method which he has pursued to 
avoid them. 



IV PREFACE. 

One of the impediments which has considerably retarded 
the progress and the success of those who have paid atten- 
tion to this science, has been the want of a sufficient quan- 
tity of exercises, for practice in writing, as well as from not 
introducing such words and sentences as are best suited to 
the different stages of advancement which they must neces- 
sarily go through, to attain proficiency in any system. 

Another objection attributable to the various publications 
designed for self-instruction is, that the rules and directions, 
intended as a guide to the Learner, are very seldom express- 
ed in terms sufficiently clear to be comprehended, except by 
those already acquainted with the Art. In removing these 
objections, the Author hopes his efforts have not been 
altogether unsuccessful. To remedy them he has introduced 
a complete course of exercises, as practised by pupils who 
put themselves under his instruction; embracing in each 
from fifty to two hundred examples for the student's practice, 
and accompanied by such explanations, as he has deemed 
necessary to render the whole easy to be understood. 

The third and greatest evil which has been so universally 
adopted in all former systems of Stenography with which 
the Author has become acquainted (about fifty in number) 
is that of representing the vowels and diphthongSj by the use 
of dots, commas, c^c. 

Mr. Molineux, in his system^ represents all the vowels by 
a dot, to which he assigns five distinct places ; thus ./i\ when 
preceding a semicircle, and thus 1 1 when preceding a line, 
as in '\at, '\et, -lit, .\ot, }ut, <5fc., writing the word moat 
thus ^ where it is to be observed that the dot representing 
is made somewhat larger than that for a, to show in deci- 
phering, that it must be read first. 

Mr. M. T. C. Gould, formerly of Philadelphia, in his abridg- 
ment of Taylor's system, also represents the vowels by a 
single point, thereby rendering it indispensably necessary in 
the expression of some words, for the pen to be taken off the 
paper nearly as many times as the number of letters he makes 



FREFACir. V 

use of in spellings the same, as may be observed by a refer- 
ence to the above work, where the following, and many 
similar examples maybe found p / heold for behold; 'V" 
evry for every. 

Mr. Gumey in his alphabet has appropriated characters 
to represent the vowels, but makes use of them only when 
standing alone, or when joined to other letters at the begin- 
ning of a word: indeed their forms are such as would scarce- 
ly admit of their being introduced in any other situation. 
Mr. G. represents the vowels when in the middle or at the 
end of a word, in the following manner — " There are six 
vowels," says he, "viz — a, e, ^, o, u and y; when they end 
words they are expressed by dots differently placed viz — a 
and e even with the top of the letter, i and y with the mid- 
dle, and and u with the bottom; as for example, 1' ba^ be^ 
^t bi^ by, ^ bo, bu. When the vowel does not end the word, 
it is expressed by the succeeding consonant," (i. e. by draw- 
ing the point of the following consonant from the place which 
the vowel would have occupied, had it been written at the 
end of a word;) " thus/^ sal, sel; /^ sil, syl ; /^ sol, suL 
When two vowels come together, the first must be expressed 
by a dot, the other by the succeeding consonant, thus, o. ^ 
poet ; ^^*-^ lion; "/•/ bias, &c. 

Several of the difficulties which frequently arise from the 
practice of expressing the vowels and diphthongs by the use 
of points, &c., are thus correctly exposed by Mr. Lewis, in 
his work on Stenography, entitled the " Ready Writer, or 
NE PLUS ULTRA of Short Hand." 

"I have seen a few modern systems, wherein the inter- 
mediate vowels are discarded, and a single point only re- 
tained to express the whole of the initial, and final vowels : 
this point is directed to be placed just in the centre of the 
line, leaving it to the sagacity of the reader to find out which 
of the vowels it is meant to represent' And moreover, the 
writer is directed to omit all vowels in expeditious writings 
and leave it to the context to supply these defects. It is evi* 

1* 



VI PEEFACE. 

dent, however, that these rules must tend to throw the great* 
est obscurity upon the writing, and render it impossible to 
be read at a distance of time ; for by this mode they never 
can show where there is a diphthong omitted, nor give the 
letters of it, which are sometimes very necessary r no tech- 
nical terms, no names of persons, places or things can be 
written in it, where any vowels must intervene, to give the 
sense." 

" The only reasons I can conceive, why this method of 
pointing for the vowels has been so universally adopted, are 
the want of a proper investigation of the simple marks which 
nature affords, or, that apparent conciseness has hitherto 
been taken for real brevity. Nevertheless, it is obvious that 
those marks which seem to occupy the least space, are not 
always in reality, the shortest, or the most conducive to ex- 
pedition. The mode of expressing the Stenographic vowels, 
therefore, by means of points, is not only an enemy to legi- 
bility, but is also calculated to destroy the purpose of expedi- 
tion. This will appear more evident when we consider — 

" First. That if the pen be moved to the right or to the 
left, from a dot towards a stroke, or from a stroke towards 
a dot, it describes a line, whether that line be visible or not ; 
thus in making * | , the pen describes the character ~1 ; m 
writing | ' the character y ; in forming C7\ the mark ^ : 
in making \^ the figure \)<J , &c. 

" Secondly. That as the motion from point to point is 
less rapid, because less direct, through the air than upon the 
paper itself, there is as much time lost by the sudden stop 
and taking off the pen, passing over the detached space, and 
putting it down again, as in the formation of two (and often 
times of three) characters. Thus a detached particle occu- 
pies as much time in writing, as if the word were written 
(by characters) at full length. It has therefore appeared ab- 
solutely necessary that the vowel points, so predominant in 
other systems, should be entirely rejected, and another kind 
of substitute provided for them." 



PREFACE. Vll 

It certainly appears very singular, that Mr. Lewis, who 
after so clearly pointing out the defects of other systems 
relative to the method of expressing the vowels, hy the use 
of dots and commas, should himself, in a great measure, run 
into the very same error ; for notwithstanding these remarks, 
Mr. L. makes use of a dot for the first two vowels, a and e, 
and a comma for the fourth and fifth vowels, o and u ; thus 
adopting the very plan, which, to use his own words, should 
be entirely rejected. 

Again, he says, " by this arrangement, all those difficulties 
and dislocations already mentioned, in expressing the vowels 
in order to convey the sound of the word, are avoided ;" his 
practice, however, exhibits a complete contradiction, for in 
his specimen of the Lord's Prayer he places the vowels e and 
0, near, not joined, to the consonants. 

To obviate the many evils attending the method of ex- 
pressing the vowels by means of points, the Author of this 
treatise has provided another kind of substitute ; viz. several 
simple characters, which easily combine with any other let- 
ter, without lifting the pen, and that not only represent the 
vowels and diphthongs, but are also capable of conveying the 
ejcact sound which those vowels and diphthongs express, in 
the pronunciation of any word. 

The Author, having stated his reasons for essentially di]^ 
fering from several of the principles adopted in former sys- 
tems of Stenography, and for having laid before the public 
his New and Improved Method, wishes to engage the atten- 
tion of the purchaser to some of the great advantages result- 
ing from the practice of Short-Hand writing, which are thus 
eloquently and forcibly expressed by Mr. Gawtress, (a steno- 
grapher of great celebrity) in his introduction to the science, 
upon the principles of the late Dr. Byrom. 

" Thousands who look upon this art with the utmost in- 
difference, are daily reaping the fruits of its cultivation. It 
is scarcely necessary to mention how indispensable it is in 
taking minutes of public proceedings. If all the feelings of 



Vm PREFACK* 

a patriot glow in our bosoms on a perusal of those eloquent 
speeches which are delivered in the Senate, ^ * 
* * we owe it to short-hand. If new fervor be added to 
our devotion, and an additional stimulus be imparted to our 
exertions as Christians, by the eloquent appeals and encour- 
aging statements made at the anniversaries of our religious 
societies — we owe it to short-hand. If we have an oppor- 
tunity, in interesting judicial cases, of examining the evi- 
dence, and learning the proceedings, with as much certainty 
and nearly as much minuteness, as if we had been present on 
the occasions — we owe it to short-hand. In short, all those 
brilliant and spirit-stirring effusions which the circumstances 
of the present times combine to draw forth^ and which the 
press transmits to us with such astonishing celerity, warm 
from the lips, and instinct with the soul of the speaker, 
would have been entirely lost to posterity, and comparative- 
ly little known to ourselves, had it not been for the facilities 
afforded to their preservation by short-hand. 

" Were the operations of those who are professionally en- 
gaged in exercising this art, to be suspended but for a single 
week, a blank would be left in the political and judicial his- 
tory of our country, an impulse would be wanting to the pub- 
lic mind, and the nation would be taught to feel and acknow- 
ledge the important purposes it answers in the great busi- 
ness of life. 

" A practical acquaintance with this art is highly favora- 
ble to the improvement of the mind, invigorating all its fac- 
ulties, and drawing forth all its resources. The close atten- 
tion requisite in following the voice of a speaker, induces 
habits of patience, perseverance, and watchfulness, which 
will gradually extend themselves to other pursuits and avo- 
cations, and at length inure the writer to exercise them on 
every occasion in life. When writing in public, it will also 
be absolutely necessary to distinguish and adhere to the train 
of thought which runs through the discourse, and to observe 
the modes of its connection. This will naturally have a ten- 



PREFACE. IX 

dency to endue the mind with quickness of apprehension, and 
will impart an habitual readiness and distinctness of percep- 
tion, as well as a methodical simplicity of arrangement, 
which cannot fail to conduce greatly to mental superiority. 
The judgment will be strengthened and the taste refined ; 
and the practitioner will by degrees become habituated to 
seize the original and leading parts of a discourse or ha- 
rangue, and to reject whatever is commonplace, trivial, or 
uninteresting." 

" The rapidity with which it enables a person to commit 
his thoughts to the safety of manuscript, also renders it an 
object peculiarly worthy of regard. By this means a thou- 
sand ideas which daily strike us, and which are lost before 
we can record them in the usual way, may be snatched from 
destruction, and preserved till mature deliberation can ripen 
and perfect them." 

" The facility it affords to the acquisition of learning ought 
to render it an indispensable branch in the education of 
youth. To be enabled to treasure up for future study the 
substance of lectures, sermons, &c., is an accomplishment 
attended with so many evident advantages, that it stands in 
no need of recommendation. 'Nor is it a matter of small 
importance that, by this art, the youthful student is furnish- 
ed with an easy means of making a number of valuable ex- 
tracts in the moments of leisure, and of thus laying up a 
stock of knowledge for his future occasions. The pursuit of 
this art also materially contributes to improve the student in 
the principles of grammar and composition. While study- 
ing the rules of abbreviation and connection ; while tracing 
the various forms of expression by which the same sentiment 
can be conveyed; and while endeavoring to represent, by 
modes of contraction, the dependence of one word on another, 
he is insensibly initiated in the science of universal language, 
and particularly in the knowledge of his native tongue." 

" The advantages of short-hand, in cases where secrecy is 
required, are sufficiently obvious. It is true, that when a 



X PREFACE. 

system is made public, this effect is partially destroyed. Yet 
it seldoms happens that stenographic memoranda fall into 
the hands of those who can read them; and when the wri- 
ter has any reason to anticipate such an occurrence, it will 
be easy, after learning a good system, so to transpose a few 
of the Arbitraries, as to render the writing illegible to all 
but himself. 

" The memor}^ is also improved by the practice of steno- 
graphy. The obligation the writer is under, to retain in his 
mind the last sentence of the speaker, at the same time that 
he is carefully attending to the following one, must be high- 
ly beneficial to that faculty, which, more than any other, 
owes its improvement to exercise. And so much are the 
powers of retention strengthened and expanded by this exer- 
tion, that a practical stenographer will frequently recollect 
more without writing, than a person unacquainted with the 
art, could copy in the time, by the use of common hand." 

Mr. Lewis, speaking of this subject, remarks, that " Of 
all the perfections of the mind, there is none more capable 
c^ improvement than the memory, and none that will reward 
our labors with more pleasure and advantage. How often 
from the lips of some admired speaker have we heard the 
most instructive lectures upon those very branches of useful 
knowledge with which we were most anxious to become 
acquainted, yet without obtaining any material advantage 
from the important information disclosed, and through the 
treachery of our memory, not being able to form even a clear 
and satisfactory idea of the subject; when by means of Steno- 
graphy, not only the thoughts which pass in our own minds 
receive a visible form, and can be communicated to the mind 
and understanding of others at the most distant period, but 
likewise we are enabled to catch the living ideas of a speaker 
in the very words by which they are conveyed to our own 
ears; copy from the lips of an orator all his studied beauties 
of language, his arrangement of elegant expressions and 
force of reasoning, which we can with the utmost satisfao- 



PREFACE. 3a 

tion review at pleasure. There are many Short-Hand wri* 
ters and parliamentary reporters of the present period, who, 
previous to the exercise of this art, could with difficulty re- 
member on their return home, the heads of a discourse ; yet 
they have been so trained to habits of attention, and to reg- 
ular systematic methods of investigation, and their memory 
has been so wonderfully improved and mechanically strength- 
ened by the practice of the Stenographic art, that they are 
now enabled to collect with verbal accuracy, every sentence 
of a long oration." 

" In addition to these inestimable advantages. Science and 
Religion are indebted to this noble art, for the preservation 
of many valuable Lectures and Sermons, which would other- 
wise have been irrecoverably lost. Among the latter may 
be instanced those of Whitfield, whose astonishing powers 
could move even infidelity itself, and extort admiration from 
a Chesterfield and a Hume ; but whose name alone would 
have floated down the stream of time, had not Short-Hand 
rescued a portion of his labors from oblivion. 

" With so many vouchers for the truth of the remark, we 
can have no hesitation in stating it as our opinion, that, since 
the invention of printing, no cause has contributed more to 
the diffusion and progress of refinement, we might almost 
add, to the triumphs of liberty and the interests of religion, 
than the revival and improvement of this long-neglected and 
invaluable art." 

" Such are the blessings which short-hand, like a generous 
benefactor, bestows indiscriminately on the world at large. 
But it has additional and peculiar favors in store for those 
who are so far convinced of its utility, as personally to engage 
in its pursuits. The advantages resulting from the exercise 
of this science, are not, as is the case with many others, con- 
fined to a particular class of society : for though it may seem 
more immediately calculated for those whose business it is 
to record the eloquence of public men, and the proceedings 
of popular assemblies, yet it offers its assistance to persons 



XII PEEFACE, 

of every rank and station in life-^-to the man of business as 
well as to the man of science — for the purpose of private 
convenience as well as of general information." 

To those persons who may be desirous of forming a col- 
lection of the many excellent sermons and valuable lectures 
that they may hear from time to time, the Science of Ste- 
nography is of great importance. The many interesting 
Trials and Orations that have been reported by persons ac- 
quainted with this Art, and that have been found exceed- 
ingly beneficial, both for private edification and public use- 
fulness, are eminent vouchers of its great utility in that 
respect ; indeed, were the commimity fully acquainted with 
the pre-eminent advantages of this acquirement, they would 
at once become advocates for its general diffusion, because 
it confers a facility of despatch, in the acquisition of human 
learning, which no other branch of knowledge can convey. 

The utility and importance of this science should there- 
fore fully commend it to the attention of every instructor. 
For if it be true that the impressions of early life are more 
vivid and enduring than those of later years, then if this 
branch of knowledge were taught to the youth as a part of 
education, its practice would "grow with their growth,** 
until in maturer years they would use it with astonish- 
ing success. The author would hence most respectfully 
suggest whether the introduction of this study into our com- 
mon schools would not secure the most important ends. 
And to those preparing for college or professional duties an 
early attention to this science will be one of the most power- 
ful auxiliaries to complete success. 

THOMAS TOWNDROW. 
New York, April, 1841. 



TESTIMONIALS. 



The Author begs leave to present the following Testimo- 
nials to the favorable notice of an enlightened community. 

The following encomium is from the pen of Andrew Hun- 
ter, A. M. LATE OF Edinburgh, where he has practisep 

THE science of STENOGRAPHY FOR UPWARDS OF TWENTY 
YEARS, AND WHO IS THE AUTHOR OF A WORK ON THE SAME 
SUBJECT. 

Manchester, March 20th, 1837. 
Sir, 

I have had much pleasure in perusing your Complete 
Guide to the Art of Short-Hand Writing ; it is neatly and 
tastefully executed ; — your remarks on the science, are the 
dictates of a sound mind, resulting from much experience as 
a Teacher of the Art; — the method and order which you 
have shown in the arrangement and distribution of your ma- 
terials, evinces in a high degree, that you have fully under- 
stood your subject. The characters you have chosen to rep- 
resent the intermediate vowel and diphthongal sounds, arc 
admirably easy to join with the various consonants with 
which they may chance to be connected, while at the same 



XIV TESTIMONIALS. 

time they mark with such precision the direct sound of the 
words, as to render the reading of Stenographic manuscript 
both easy and accurate. 

In conclusion, I have no hesitation in giving as my opin- 
ion, that it forms the most complete work of the kind ever 
presented to a discerning public. 

(With hearty wishes for your future success and prosper- 

I am, Sir, 
7 Your obedient servant,) 

ANDREW HUNTER, A. M. 



From the Manchester Times, 

" There are few persons of intelligence who are not ready 
to acknowledge the pleasures and advantages to be derived 
from the practice of Short-Hand. We, who may lay some 
claim to an experimental knowledge of the science, can pro- 
nounce it to be one of the very best methods of imparting an 
useful versatility to the mind, and of inuring it to quick and 
correct apprehension. We recollect many occasions when 
in the exercise of our duties we have had to attend in the 
same day, and in rapid succession, to matters legal, political, 
scientific, divine, and an immensity of others too miscella- 
neous to be classified. These we have in various ways giv- 
en to the public by means of Short-Hand ; and can any one 
deny that exercise of this kind will fail to induce quickness 
of perception, and the power to turn the mind to sufficient 
objects unconscious of an effort? 

The question then is, which Stenographic system is the 



TESTIMONIALS. XV 

best, and which is the shortest and to be acquired with least 
trouble ? This is a problem we really cannot undertake to 
solve ; there is no royal road to Short-Hand, even with the 
most perfect system. — Byrom's is remarkable for beauty, 
legibility, and conciseness. That of Mr. Towndrow, an emi- 
nent teacher, seems both legible, concise, and easy to be ac- 
quired ; inasmuch as he reduces the science to its simplest 
elements, and then proceeds gradually. Mr. T. has an ad- 
vantage over every other system we have yet seen, in the 
precision and certainty with which the different sounds are 
noted ; and in the hands of a good writer we think this sys- 
tem may be rendered as beautiful to the eye as any we are 
acquainted with, and altogether, as Stenographers, we may 
safely recommend it to the public." 



Manchester Courier, 
We have examined with some attention the system of 
Stenography invented and taught by Mr. Towndrow, and 
we are of opinion that it will be found eminently serviceable 
to those who wish to study the Art. In some points it is 
superior to any system that we have seen. 



Sheffield Iris. 
We have given the system of Stenography invented and 
recently introduced into this country by Mr. Towndrow, an 
attentive examination, and we feel fully convinced of the 
many improvements he has made on all former systems 
which have come under our notice. Mr. Towndrow, in his 



XVI TESTIMONIALS. 

present method, has appropriated a distinct character to rep- 
resent each elementary sound of the English language, by 
the use of which, any word, no matter what number of vowel 
or diphthongal sounds it may contain, can be clearly express- 
ed in Short-Hand, without having occasion to raise the pen 
from the paper, which could not be done in the generality of 
systems without lifting the pen several times in order to sup- 
ply a number of dots representing the vowels, which is well 
known to form one of the greatest impediments to quick 
writing, while upon others we have some knowledge of, it 
would be impossible to convey the same words to paper so 
as to be recognized at a future period. 



Derbyshire Courier. 
A neat little volume, professing to be a complete guide to 
the Art of writing Short-Hand, or an entirely new and com- 
prehensive system of representing the elementary sounds of 
the English language in Stenographic characters, has been 
published by Mr. Towndrow, Professor and Teacher of the 
Art. The principal feature of this treatise is its originality 
in giving distinct characters to express the various tones of 
our native tongue, and from the high degree of conciseness 
with which this object is accomplished, and its perfect and 
easy amalgamation with the other parts of the system ; the 
operation of writing is advantageously condensed, and an in- 
creased facility afforded of committing to paper the eloquence 
of the orator. The system is exceedingly simplified in its 
details, capable of being acquired with comparatively little 
application, and in practice willj we believe^ be found to 



TESTIMONIALS. XVll 



Work well. It is decidedly superior to all systems of Steno- 
graphy with which we are at present acquainted. 



Boston American Traveller^ 
We welcome the return to this country of Mr. ToWndroW? 
the accomplished Professor of Stenography, and author of a 
celebrated Guide to the Art of Short-Hand Writing. A new 
edition of his treatise was lately published in England, and 
a portion of it has been received here. The improvements 
he has made in the system, are well worthy the attention 
of the student, and give the stamp of pre-eminence to his 
work. 



Zion's Herald* 

A fine opportunity is now presented to young persons in 
this city, by the return of Mr. Towndrow from England, to 
acquire the useful accomplishment of Short-Hand Writing. 
We became acquainted with this gentleman upon his first 
visit to this country^ and from the success which attended 
his instructions then given, we have the utmost confidence 
in his ability to teach stenography, and the superior advan- 
tages of his improved system. This system enables the re- 
porter, not only to record the exact words, as delivered by 
any public speaker, but also every peculiar expression made 
use of by him, as pronounced, and to preserve all in a legible 
form, so as to be read at any future period, with the greatest 

ease and facility. 

2* 



XVm TESTIMONIALS. 

Boston Morning Post, 
Mr. Towndrow's system of Stenography, is the most per- 
fect one ever invented, and he is one of the most agreeable 
and gentlemanly instructors that ever taught abbreviations. 



Boston Daily Evening Transcript. 

Mr. Towndrow is the most ready Stenographer, and the 
best instructor of the art in the United States. 



Boston Mercantile Journal. 
T. Towndrow, who is well known for his success m teach- 
ing the art of writing short-hand, has just put forth the sec- 
ond edition of a book entitled, "A complete Guide to the 
Art of Short-Hand Writing, being an entirely new and com- 
prehensive system of representing the elementary sounds of 
the English language in stenographic characters. " Mr. Town- 
drow's system has met with approbation of persons versed 
in the art, and is probably the most perfect mode of short- 
hand writing extant. To those who wish to become an 
adept in this valuable accomplishment, we recommend Mr, 
Towndrow's book — this, with a due share of patience and 
perseverance, will soon qualify one to exercise this accom- 
plishment with great facility. 

Boston Atlas. 

Mr. Towndrow, professor and teacher of stenography, has 
just introduced to the notice of the American public, a new 



TESTIMONIALS. XIX 

system of writing short-hand. We know something of the 
art, and having attentively examined Mr. T.'s method, can 
say that it possesses many advantages over any other we 
have seen. It is simple, neat and beautiful, giving the ex- 
act sound of all the vowels and diphthongs in the language, 
without obliging the writer to lift his pen, even when taking 
down the longest word. Mr. T., we are glad to learn, is 
well encouraged. 



Boston Morning News. 
We do not know how it is with other folks; but for our- 
self there is no greater satisfaction to be found in the whole 
range of literary pleasures, than to be able to take down a 
speech as it falls warm from the lips of an extemporaneous 
speaker. It is then that the peculiarities of the individual 
slip out unperceived by the orator himself, and are probably 
forgotten by the majority of his audience. The science of 
stenography obviates the latter misfortune. It gives us the 
portrait of the speaker's mind exactly as it is — the glowing 
thought, the impassioned apostrophe, the sudden transitions 
are caught and faithfully represented by this divine science, 
before they have had time to cool and degenerate into com- 
mon place diction beneath the hand of the exhausted orator 
who prepares his speech for the press. Stenography has 
power to represent the speaker's mind just as it looked while 
lie was delivering his discourse — it lets us into his heart by 
a direct road. We regret that our limits will not permit us 
to do full justice to this very interesting subject, but we know 
of one who is able to achieve what we are incompetent to 



XX TESTIMONIALS. 

do. We allude to Mr. Towndrow, who has given us such 
information with respect to his present system, as renders it 
anathema tically certain to our mind, that it is superior to 
any other known. The elementary sounds are represented 
by the simplest signs — an improvement never before attempt- 
ed—and a number of words may be connected with the 
greatest facility; and the whole read with ease. This last 
crowns the whole, as every stenographer must be aware. 
For further information we refer the reader to Mr. Town- 
drow himself, whose patience in explaining his system, and 
whose urbanity and pleasing manners, render him one of the 
most agreeable as well as able teachers we have ever seen. 



United States Gazette* 

We have had an interview with Mr. Towndrow, the au- 
thor of a small book entitled " A Complete Guide to the Art 
of Writing Short-Hand, being an entirely new and compre- 
hensive System of Representing the Elementary Sounds of 
the English Language in Stenographic Characters." 

Of this work, we may say as of most other treatises on 
Stenography, that it aims to advance a much neglected art ; 
but, in our opinion, Mr. Towndrow has accomplished a real 
and valuable object in the introduction of all the vowel and 
diphthongal sounds, without the multiplication of characters, 
and in such a manner that those who are acquainted with 
the system may at any time read the stenography of others. 

We wish that the trustees of our colleges and high schools 
would introduce stenography among the regular pursuits of 



TESTIMONIALS. XXI 

the classes, and have it so cultivated that each pupil should 
be able to read the writing of the other. 



Baltimore Daily Gazette, 

We have lately had an interview with an eminent teacher 
of Stenography now in this city, Mr. Towndrow, of whose 
merits we have seen the most flattering testimonials in the 
Boston papers, some time before his arrival among us. From 
a long conversation with Mr. T., and an attentive examina- 
tion of several works on the art of Stenography, which he 
has published, we feel fully justified in recommending him 
to the favorable notice of the public. His system is undoubt- 
edly a very great improvement upon all which have pre- 
ceded it, and has been the result of a long and assiduous 
practice of his profession. 

In a country like ours, where legislative bodies are so nu- 
merous, and where conventions and public meetings are 
held, and addresses delivered on all occasions, it would seem 
almost unnecessary to dwell on the advantages of a know- 
ledge of Stenography — but the art has certainly been, hith- 
erto, but little cultivated. We can imagine no other cause 
for this neglect, than the tediousness and insufficiency of the 
old systems of Short-Hand, a theoretical knowledge of which, 
however accurate, led to no advantages in practice corres- 
ponding to the labor of acquiring it. 

We are informed that some of the most distinguished re- 
porters of speeches in our country, owe their proficiency, like 
Mr. Towndrow, to the expedients which their own experi- 
ence has suggested to them, independent of the knowledge 



XXil TESTIMONIALS. 

to be obtained in any treatise heretofore published. But we 
think that little more than a glance at the system of Mr. 
T. will be sufficient to convince any one that he can accom- 
plish all that he promises. We have no doubt that his mode 
of teaching will speedily be adopted in schools, and Steno- 
graphy made a branch of common education. 



From a Class in Fall River. 

Fall River, Mass., May 29th, 1840. 
Mr. Towndrow, 

Dear Sir, — The undersigned, members of your Stenogra- 
phic Class, upon the completion of their studies, tender to 
you their sincere thanks for the promptness, attention and 
assiduity with which you have performed your duties as our 
Instructor. The common difficulties which accompany all 
attempts to instruct pupils in any thing of which they are 
entirely ignorant, was in our case attended with another, the 
total ignorance of each other by teacher and pupils. But 
from your affability to us, we forgot that our acquaintance 
was 0^ short duration, and this feeling no doubt, contributed 
to assist us in our studies very materially. 

We are going to part from each other, we may never meet 
you again, collectively or individually, but our good wishes 
go with you. And whether such pleasure be in store for us 
or not, we hope that each of us, tutor and pupil, may so in- 
cline to the path of virtue, that we may meet, if not here, 
in that world to which that path eternally leads. 
We are dear sir. Yours, very respectfully. 

Signed by 12 Students. 



TESTBIONIALS. XXIU 

From a Class in Bowdoin College. 
We the subscribers, members of Bowdoin College, wish 
hereby to express to Mr. Towndrow, the entire satisfaction 
we feel in regard to the system of Short-Hand Writing which 
he has been teaching us; and that we may remove, as far 
as is in our power, the prejudice which exists in so many 
minds against this valuable accomplishment, we are free to 
say, that after having received a full course of lessons, we 
feel satisfied that this system is not only easy and practica- 
ble, but that it is more so than any other within our know- 
ledge ; and we hope, that during his stay in this country, 
Mr. T. will receive the extensive patronage which he merits. 

Signed by 30 Students. 

From the Rev, W, H, Beecher. 
I take pleasure in stating that the system of Stenography 
taught by Mr. Towndrow, to which I have been attending 
for some time, is in my view, the most perfect system of 
Short-Hand Writing I have ever examined, uniting in a 
higher degree, conciseness, comprehension, neatness, and 
despatch, with ease of acquisition. It is my conviction, that 
the present rapid increase in knowledge of arts and sciences, 
demands an increase also in facility of expressing and com- 
municating thought; and that before long, this art will be- 
come extensively practised, and highly beneficial to the cler- 
gy, the lawyer, the physician, student, mechanic and mer- 
chant ; the process of acquisition being more an amusement 
than a labor. 

W. H. BEECHER. 



XXIV 

OPINIONS OF EMINENT MEN ON THE UTILITY 
OF SHORT-HAND. 
"I should exhort all young men to learn that most useful 
art, Short-Hand Writing, an art which I helieve will one 
day be studied as universally as common writing, and which 
will abridge the labor of penmanship to a degree that will 
materially quicken the intercourse of human thought." 

T. CAMPBELL, Esq. 
Late Lord Rector of Glasgow University. 



"As it is usual to take notes, the attainment of Short- 
Hand will give such a facility to your labors, as to enable 
you to follow the most rapid speakers with certainty and pre- 
cision." 

Letter from the late Mr. Dunning, to a Student in the 
Temple. 



" The Art of Short-Hand, on account of its great and gen- 
eral utility, merits a much higher rank among the arts, than 
is commonly allotted to it ; and is by no means unworthy 
the attention and study of men of science and genius." — Dr. 
Johnson, 



The Rt. Hon. the Earl of Morton, President of the Royal 
Society; the Lord Chancellor Pratt; His G-race the Duke of 
Queensburg ; and Dr. John Taylor, Chancellor of Lincoln, 
after receiving instructions from Dr. Byrom, observe : " were 
the public so far acquainted with the usefulness of this Art, 
that it should be commonly received in their intercourse with 
each other, taught early to youth, and practised by them 
when they became to be men of letters and business, the 
despatch arising from it, and every other advantage, would 
increase in proportion to its more general reception." 



TO THE LEAENER. 

Before entering upon the exercises of 
this interesting study, the Author wishes 
the Student to peruse the following lines ou 
^^Application/' from the pen of the late 
Rev. Samuel Davenport, of Horsley, Derby^ 
shire, England. 

^^It is incredible how much may be done 
by diligence and assiduity. The present 
state of the world, enlightened by arts and 
sciences, is a living proof, that difficulties, 
seemingly insuperable, and undertakings im- 
agined to be impossible, may be accomplish- 
ed. This consideration ought to be no mean 
spur to industry and application. We are 
not acquainted with the strength of our own 
minds, till we exercise them, nor to what 
length our abilities will carry us, till we put 
them to the trial. Men who want resolu- 
tion, often desist from enterprises, when 
they have more than half effected their pur- 
pose :— They are discouraged by difficulties 



26 TO THE LEARNER. 

and disappointments, which ought rather to 
excite their ardor, and redouble the vigor 
of their efforts to succeed. Let any one con- 
sider with attention the structure of a com- 
mon engine to raise water. Let him ob- 
serve the intricacy of the machinery, and 
behold in what vast quantities one of the 
heaviest elements is forced out of its course ; 
and then reflect how many experiments 
must have been tried in vain, how" many ob- 
stacles must have been overcome, before a 
frame of such wonderful variety in its parts, 
could have been put together; after which, 
let him pursue his own enterprises, not with- 
out hopes of success in the end, while he 
supports the spirit of industry by consider- 
ing how much may be done by patience and 
ingenuity." 



INTRODUCTION. 

Note. — As the perusal of a particular remark may fre- 
quently simplify the mode of expressing certain words, it has 
been deemed expedient to number each rule, observation, &:c., 
in regular order, without any regard to classification, so that 
reference may most conveniently be made to the same. 

MATERIALS FOR WRITING. 

1. The learner is recommended to make 
use of a good pencil on all occasions, when 
it is necessary to write with expedition. 
When he is sufficiently advanced in the art 
to take notes in public, he ought to be provi- 
ded with a pencil-case adapted to very fine 
points, or a number of good drawing pencils, 
(which should be kept in a suitable case,) 
with the points at all times ready for use. 
Whenever it shall be desirable to preserve 
short-hand manuscript for subsequent and 
probably frequent perusals, it will be prefer- 
able to write with a pen. 

CHOICE OF PENCILS. 

2. In the selection of pencils, good ones 



28 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

may be considered the cheapest. The draw- 
ing pencils and ever-points, manufactured by 
Mr. Monroe, of Concord, Massacliusetts, are 
recommended as being of an excellent quali- 
ty. Those marked H. H., will be found most 
suitable for short-hand writing. 

CHOICE OF PENS. 

3. An elastic steel pen with a fine point, 
will be found to possess decided advantages 
over those made from the common quill. 
As the manufacturers of this article are con- 
stantly bringing forward something new^ the 
writer will of course make his own selec- 
tion. 

CHOICE OF PAPER. 

4. Except when writing with a pen, pa- 
per having a very smooth surface ought to 
be selected, so that the pencil may be moved 
with perfect freedom, at the same time form 
the characters with neatness and perspicu- 
ity. In the use of rough paper, it is impos- 
sible to retain a fine point to any pencil, 
consequently the strokes are made very 
large and thick, which not only impedes the 
process of expeditious writing, but leads to 
a habit of forming the characters with care- 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 29 

lessness, and naturally destroys the legibili- 
ty of the manuscript. 

DIRECTIONS FOR HOLDING PEN OR PENCIL. 

5. Let the long finger be placed about half 
or three quarters of an inch from the point 
of the pen or pencil, and the end of the 
thumb opposite that of the fore-finger — thus 
holding it much more erect than is usual in 
common writing, so that it may be moved 
in any direction with ease and facility. 

DIRECTIONS FOR LEARNING THE CONSONANTS, &C. 

6. In the first place, it is necessary for the 
learner to become perfectly familiar with 
characters by which the consonants are re- 
spectively represented. 

7. The most easy and expeditious mode 
of accomplishing this, is by writing the cha- 
racters very frequently, in the same order 
as exhibited in the first, second and third 
exercises j"^ imitating them as nearly as pos- 
sible, in size^ form and position^ and at the 



* With a view to facilitate the progress, as well as for the conve- 
nience of those who may engage in the study of this treatise, the Au- 
thor has prepared and published in connection with the same, a small 
work, entitled "The Stenogbaphical Copy-Book;" the pages of 
which are ruled with suitable spaces, and numbered to correspond 
with the numerous exercises introduced in the " Guide," and intended 
for the learner's practice. 

3* 



30 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

same time impressing upon the memory the 
name of each, by repeating the letter which 
it is intended to express. 

8. In the first exercise, the characters are 
arranged nearly in alphabetical order; while 
in the second, they are classified agreeable 
to their relative similarity of form, posi- 
tion, &c. 

9. C is rejected in short-hand, and substi- 
tuted by k or s, according to its hard or soft 
sound. (See exposition of c, No. 28.) 

10. jP, a, A:, v^ Wj X and sA, are each repre- 
sented by two distinct characters, that they 
may be more easily combined with other 
letters than they would be if confined to 
one. 

11. Always commence with tiie curve, in 
forming g-, ;, 7, r, .r, y^ z^ ch and wh. 

12. The double consonants ch^ sh, th and 
loh-t being of such frequent occurrence, dis- 
tinct characters have been appropriated to 
represent them. 

13. The learner desiring further informa- 
tion respecting any of the letters, will pro- 
bably obtain it by referring to an exposition 
of the same, on a subsequent page of this 
work. 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 31 

14. The student must not be too anxious 
to write expeditiously at first, or he will be 
sure to make ^^more haste than good speed.'' 
Let his first aim be to execute the charac- 
ters with neatness and accuracy^ and expe- 
dition cannot fail to ensue : as Mr. Molineux 
correctly observes — 

"Learn to write slow, all other graces, 
Will soon fill up their proper places." 



32 



A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 



1 EXERCISE ^ 


B 


D 


F 


F 


G 


H 


H 


J 


K 


K 


L 


M 


N 


P 


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3 


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SCIENCE OF STENOGEAPHY. 



33 



FIRST. 



c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 
c 



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D 
D 
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D 
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D 
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D 
D 
D 
D 
D 
D 
D 
D 
D 
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!) 



w T 



SH 



SH 






\. 



34 



A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 



EXERCISE 

1 


TH 


T 


S 


P 


D 


SH 


SH 


G 


J 


Q 


WH 


X 


X 


Y 


z 









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/ 


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c- 






f\ 


^ 


7 


P\ 









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7 


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SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPirr. 



35 





SECOND. 




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36 



A COJIPLETE GUIDE TO THE 



EXERCISE 


Ibis 


c 


) 


1 


mlt 


n 


3 


— 


tkl 


— 


6^ 


3 


bnd 


c 


^ 


/ 


mnk 


r\ 


v^ 


6> 


tng 


— • 


t-i 


^1 


bst 


c 


1 


— 


m r 1 


n 


<^ 


D 


t r n 


— 


/ 


(^ ^ 


idmp 


/ 


r\ 


\ 


mtr 


n 


— 


/ 


tsl 


— 


1 


3 


drg 


/ 


/ 


C 


ngl 


u 


^ 


D 


vgr 


c 


^ 


^ 


dwl 


/ 


O 


D 


nmf 


^ 


r^ 


e 


vmp 


c 


r^ 


\ 


flm 


e 


) 


o 


nrv 


"v-^ 


^ 


c 


vst 

1 


c 


1 


— 


frg 


e 


/ 


c_ 


ntk 


^ 


— 


6^ 


V xn 


c 


^ 


o' 


fxd 


e 


^ 


/ 


pdl 


\ 


/ 


:) 


wft 


c\ 


e 


— 


jglt 




) 





pin 


\ 


3 


L>' 


wl d 


C\ 


:> 


\ 


i 
lormn 


C 


r> 


o 


png 


\ 


v^ 


C 


wnk 


C\ 


^ 


e\ 


I c 

jgrf 


c_ 


<^ 


e 


p r f 


\ 


</ 


e 


wsp 


c^ 


1 


\ 


hip 


r\ 


) 


\ 


qkn 


1 


6^ 


^ 


xlt 


^ 


D 


— 1 


hmr 


r\ 


rN 


^ 


q It 


1 


D 




xmn 


'X 


o 


o 


hng 


r\ 


\^ 




qr 1 


1 


/ 





xpl 


^ 


N 


3 ' 


jgi" 


^^_ 


^^_ 


^ 


qvr 


1 


c 


/ 


xr t 


^ 


^ 


— 


jmp 


^ 


r\ 


\ 


rft 


^ 


e 


— 


yld 


7 


D 


/ 


1 

jrk 


c- 


/ 


^ 


rgl 


^ 


*^ — 


^ 


yng 


7 


y-i 


^ 


kmn 


6> 


n 


KJ 


rnk 


^ 


1^ 


6^ 


yrd 


7 


^ 


/ 


kpt 


G\ 


\ 


_ 


rst 


^ 


1 




yst 


7 


1 


— 


ksl 


€\ 


1 


D 


sfr 


1 


e 


/ 


zfr 


/" 


e 


^ 


1ft 


) 


e 


— 


slk 


1 


3 


6> 


znk 


Z' 


o' 


e\ 


Ink 


') 


v->' 


6^ 


smr 


J 


^_, 


,:r' 


zr I 


/> 


/ 





SCIENCE OF STENOORAPHT. 



37 



THIRD. ] 


blnk 


c 


3 


o 


e; 


pblk 


\ 


C 


') 


ej 


bngl 


c 


V-; 


-- 


D 


p r s n 


\ 


^ 


1 


w 


dfnd 


/ 


5 


V-^ 


/ 


qn t m 


1 


^ 


— 


rs 


d pr t 


/ 


\ 


^ 


— 


q r t r 


1 


^ 


— 


^ 


fngr 


S) 


Ky 


C — 


/ 


r m b 1 


^ 


n 


c 


') 


f r n d 


3 


^ 


O' 


/ 


r n sm 


^ 


<-> 


i 


r\ 


fstl 


5 


1 


— 


3 


s r t n 


1 


^ 


— 


<^ 


g m b 1 


-- 


in 


C 


3 


s t r V 


1 


— 


^ 


D 


gngr 


-- 


^ 


-- 


/ 


t m p r 


— 


o 


\ 


/ 


h Ipr 


"^ 


3 


\ 


<r 


t r s t 


— 


^ 


1 


— 


hndl 


v^ 


«^ 


/ 


D 


V n d r 


D 


v-^ 


/ 


/ 


hrkn 


v^ 


^^ 


e^ 


KJ 


vrgn 


D 


^ 


-- 


v^ 


js t s 


c- 


1 


— 


1 


vstl 


D 


1 


— 


) 


j vl n 


c— 


D 


D 


U/ 


wl k m 


^ 


3 


e^ 


rN 


k n d 1 


e; 


v-/ 


/ 


D 


w r ds 


^ 


/ 


/ 


1 


k p tn 


e^ 


\ 


— 


'^ 


wsp r 


^ 


1 


\ 


/ 


k r mp 


e; 


^ 


r\ 


\ 


xm n d 


^ 


/^ 


^ 


/ 


Imbr 


3 


r^ 


C 


^ 


xp r s 


■x 


\ 


^ 


1 


Inks 


D 


^ 


Q-^ 


1 


X t n t 


<^ 


— 


Kj 


— 


mltd 


o 


:> 


— 


/ 


y d k n 


7 


/ 


9j 


\^ 


m prt 


o 


\ 


^ 


— 


y 1 d s 


7 


D 


/ 


1 


n m r 1 


V-; 


n 


/ 


D 


z f r s 


/> 


e 


/ 


1 


nr V s 


u 


(^ 


D 


1 


z n k 1 


/' 


v-^ 


e^ 


) 



Q?i 



A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 





EXERCISE FOURTH. 


bn k 


pbl 


cli k n 


b mpr 


pint 


br 1 


p k r 


chid 


bn dr 


p n t s 


bsk 


p r s 


ch m p 


b r s t 


p s t m 


dfr 


q kr 


ch ng 


d n g r 


ql t d 


d n s 


q ns 


ch p 1 


d r n k 


q n d m 


d V n 


q r t 


ch r m 


d s p r 


q s t n 


fgr 


r fl 


ch St 


fltr 


r m pi 


fkl 


r n g 


ch tn 


f n t m 


rn dm 


fit 


r s k 


sh ft 


fr s t 


r vl s 


gmp 


sf t 


shkl 


gntl 


srgl 


grt 


s pk 


shlf 


grsp 


s p r t 


g vn 


s tp 


sh n k 


g V r n 


s t m p 


lift 


t r m 


sh p r 


h m p r 


t m p 1 


h p n 


t wl 


sh r k 


h n g s 


t n dr 


h r m 


t X s 


sh t 1 


h r m t 


trgt 


jgl 


V gl 


sh V r 


j m bl 


vk t m 


Jlt 


V p r 


thkn 


j r n 1 


V r m n 


j mb 


V rg 


th m b 


J s p r 


V s p r 


kid 


wdl 


th m p 


k p t V 


w n g s 


knl 


w g n 


thng 


k r m p 


w r d s 


k t n 


w r d 


th n k 


k s t m 


w s d m 


Ind 


X m t 


thrl 


Iftr 


X 1 n t 


Irk 


X p r 


th r n 


1 n g s 


X p 1 n 


1 St 


X qs 


whfl 


1 s t n 


X tn d 


m n d 


yld 


wh 1 p 


m n t 1 


yips 


m r 1 


y r n 


wh n s 


m r k t 


yngr 


m tn 


y Ik 


wh p r 


m s t k 


y r d s 


|ng r 


z 1 s 


wh r f 


n m b r 


z n t k 


Inkl 


z m n 


wh s k 


n s r t 


z r 1 d 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 39 

DIRECTIONS FOR JOINING THE CONSONANTS. 

15. When the learner has become so far 
acquainted with the Stenographic characters 
introduced in the preceding exercises, as to 
write them with ease and expedition, he may 
learn the method of joining them together, 
in the neatest possible manner. 

16. In joining Short-hand characters to- 
gether, the first letter is generally made, as 
if no other was to be written, and the next 
(without lifting the pen) from the last point 
of the first, as if it had not been there; for 
instance, in order to join the letters, 6, s, ?, 
together, first make the semicircle for 6, c , 
then, without taking off the pen, draw^ down 
the s from the last point of the 6, thus ^ , 
65, to which add the short horizontal line 
for ?, thus, ^ hst ; and so on in like manner 
with nearly all the rest. 

17. All unnecessary curves and angles 
must be avoided ; one letter being made to 
run into another as much as possible ; for in- 
stance where two reverse semicircles occur 
together, neither of them need to be made 
complete, but a small portion must be cut 
off each, as in the following examples ; ^.^ 
rnnj ^^ nm^ ^blSj ^ knd,&c. In the same 



40 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

manner, all letters lose a portion when pre- 
ceding any character which commences with 
a loop ; as for example, ink is not to be writ- 
ten thus, r>o but OTN ; tk not — ^, but -<^\ 
by which means, a great saving of time is 
effected, and a general uniformity is preserv- 
ed in the writing, 

18. Let all the characters that are used 
in expressing a word, be joined together 
without raising the pen, except when cZ, p^ 
s or tj occurs twice in immediate succession. 
(See exposition of those letters, Nos. 30, 58^ 
70 and 75.) 

19. Before the learner begins to exercise 
himself in combining the characters, he is 
directed to peruse with attention, the follow- 
ing remarks on spelling, and the ^'Exposi- 
tion of the Consonants ;'' with which, a fa- 
miliar acquaintance is of the utmost import- 
ance. 

MODE OF SPELLING. 

20. In writing short-hand, no particular 
regard need be paid to the usual method of 
spelling. Use such characters only in wri- 
ting a word, as may be indispensably neces- 
sary to give the sound thereof; all silent 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 41 

letters will then be omitted, and one letter 
frequently substituted for another. 

21. As examples in spelling will doubt- 
less do more to initiate the learner into the 
method he must necessarily pursue in the 
practice of Stenography, than numerous 
rules and exceptions, upwards of one thou- 
sand have been selected, and arranged in 
the subsequent Exercises, embracing the va- 
rious combinations of letters, to which are 
annexed all the W'ords they respectively ex- 
press. 

22. The following extract of a letter from 
Major Jack Downing, to his old friend Mr. 
D wight, of the New York Advertiser, not- 
withstanding the vsingularity of the produc- 
tion, furnishes (in the word Asia,) an admi- 
rable specimen of the liberty which steno- 
graphers take with the orthography of our 
language. 

23. '-^ I only wish I had gone to school a 
leetle more when I was a boy— if I had, my 
letters now would make folks crawl all over: 
but if I had been to school all my lifetime, 
I know I never could be able to write more 
honestly than I have. I am sometimes puz- 
zled most plaguily to git words to tell jest 

4* 



42 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

exactly what I think, and what I know : and 
when I git'em I don't know exactly how to 
speirem— but so long as I git the sound, I'll 
let other folks git the sense on't— pretty much 
as our old friend down to Salem, who bilt a 
big ship to go to China — he call'd her the 
'Asha.^ Now there is sich a thing as folks 
know^ing too much ; all the larned ones was 
puzzled to know w4io ' Asha^ was ; and they 
never would know to this day what it ment, 
if the owner of the ship had'nt tell'd 'em that 
China was in ^ Asha.^ ' Oh ! ah !' says the 
larned folks, ^we see now— but that ain't 
the way to spell it.' ^ What,' says he, ^ if 
A'S-h-a don't spell Asha^ w^hat on earth does 
it spell?' And that stump'd 'em." 

EXPOSITION OF THE CONSONANTS. 

24. B is represented in the present sys- 
tem of Stenography, by a small semicircle, 
thus c J (the reverse of / 3 ) always com- 
mencing at the top; as for example ([ hst^ 
Ca-^ brng^ i&c. 

25. B may be omitted in such words as 
comb, dumhj to7nh^ &c. 

26. To express 66, the character for b must 
be made twice without lifting the pen. 

27. Be^ forming a distinct syllable at the 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 43 

begiiiFiing of a word, is expressed by mak- 
ing the ciiaracter for h twice its usual size ; 
thus Q , writing Q^ be-knij for became and 
become^ &c. 

28. C. The hard sound of c, heard in 
cabii^ capj cost, cup, &c., is represented by 
k; and the soft sound in such w^ords as cer- 
tain, cent, celestial, &c., by s ; writing kst for 
cast and cost ; krv for carve and curve ; srtn 
for certain, &c. 

29. Ch. For the expression of ch, see ex- 
position of tjie double consonants. No. 92. 

30. Z> is represented by a short oblique 
line, thus, / (the reverse of p\ ) in all cases 
commencing at the top. Examples, /o drk, 

<>- dprt, &c. 

31. i) at the end of a word, has frequently 
the sound of t, which letter may be substi- 
tuted for the former, when more convenient- 
ly joined with the preceding character; wtI- 
ting dstrst for distressed ; xprst for express- 
ed, &c. 

32. D may be omitted in such words as 
friendship, landlord, landscape, &c. 

33. Dd, must be expressed by making the 
character for d twice separately, thus, ^ as 
/^ dd-n for deaden; ^ kn-dd for candid, <fec. 



44 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO TIIS 

34. F is represented by two distinct cha- 
racters, each composed of a loop and small 
semicircle, thus e and 5) , leaving the wri- 
ter at liberty to use either, as may be found 
most easily combined with the preceding or 
following character. Examples, 2» Iftj \£ 

35. F must always be substituted for gh 
and j[9A, in such words as coughs laugh^ roughs 
tough J j)hantom^ Ijheasant^ johilosopher^ cfec. 

36. Ff may be expressed thus ^ or P . 

37. G is represented by a small descend- 
ing curve and horizontal line, thus ^ (the 
reverse oijc~) as in -^^ gd^ ^ fi'gh &c. 

38. G and gh being silent, may be omit- 
ted in such words as gnaf, phlegm^ fo^S^y 
reign, resign, light, sight, &c. 

39. Gh occurring together in the middle 
or at the end of a word, have generally the 
sound of/, as heard in enough, laugh, trough, 
&c., and must be substituted by that letter 
accordingly. 

40. Gg must be expressed thus '^^ , as in 
the words gag, gig, &c. 

41. If. Two distinct characters have been 
appropriated to represent this letter, not only 
to render it more convenient in combination, 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 45 

but to afford a ready means of expressing 
the present and past tenses of the auxiliary 
verb to have, (See exercise 8.) 

42. Each of the characters representing 
h^ is composed of a large semicircle, the first 
being made twice the size of m ^ , thus r>, 
the second twice that of n u , thus kj^ leav- 
ing the writer at liberty to use that which 
most easily combines w4th the preceding or 
following character. 

43. Although h is silent at the beginning 
of some words, it will be preferable to use 
it in spelling, instead of the vowel which it 
may happen to precede, writing hrh for herb^ 
instead of erh; hnr for honor ^ instead of 
Qnr^ &c» 

44. Jj which has a perfect uniformity of 
sound, (except in hallelujah) is represented 
by a small ascending curve and horizontal 
line, thus c~, (the reverse of g "-) as in hl. 
jst, ^-y^ jrnlj &c. 

45. When g has a soft sound, ^ may be sub- 
stituted for it, as in the words gem, giUj gin- 
ger^ gipseyj &c. 

46. K is also represented by two distinct 
characters, thus 6^ , and qj ; either of which 
must be used (as in the cases of/ and t;,) ac- 



48 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

cording to its ready combination with other 
letters. Examples, /^ drk^ ^-^nikj k^A:, &c. 

47. K must be substituted for c and c/i, in 
such words as camCj care^ case^ curse^ chaos, 
chasiiij character^ &c. 

48. K may be omitted when preceding n 
in the same syllable, in such words as \inave^ 
knee^ knocks &c. 

49. Kk may be expressed thus rr, or eju. 

50. L is represented by a small semicir- 
cle, thus ') , (the reverse of 6 C ,) always com- 
mencing at the top. Examples, 3 ^^j ^ 

//9S, &c. 

51. L being silent, may be omitted in ' 
such words as cal/, calm, j9al??i, salve, talk, 
walkj &c. 

52. LI must be expressed thus ) , as in 
\^ jyr-l'lj for parallel^ &c. 

53. Jf is represented by a small semicir- 
cle, thus ^ , (the reverse of n .-^ ) as in '^ 
mnd, r^ mrk^ &c. 

54. To express mm, write the character 
for m twice, as in ^'^ mm-br for mem- 
ber, &c. 

55. iV' is represented by a small semicir- 
cle, thus ^ , (the reverse of m '^ ,) as in ^,^~^^ 
ngr^ X/ nvfj &c. 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 47 

56. iVmay be omitted at the end of such 
words as kiln^ hymUj autumn^ solemn^ &c. 

57. JVn. Write the character representing 
n twice, for nn^ as in 2^ In-n^ for linen^ &lq,. 

58. P is represented by a short oblique 
line, drawn downwards from left to rights 
thus \ , (the reverse of c? / ,) as m. \ji prf^ 
\r-' prtj &c. 

59. P, when preceded by ^, is expressed 
by drawing the line of the character repre- 
senting the latter twice its usual lengthy 
thus \/L« xprstj &c. 

60. P may always be omitted in such 
words as ipneumatics, ^salm^ ^tisan^ tem^t^ 
contemiptj ras^herry^ receipt^ redemptions re- 
sumiptionj &c, 

61. Phj except when silent, must be substi- 
tuted by the letters/ or v; as in the words 
nepheiOj phantom^ philosopher ^ &c. 

62. To express p^, the character for ^, is 
made twice, thus % . Example, \Vj p-j)l for 
inople^ &c. 

63. Q is represented by a small curve and 
perpendicular line thus 1 (the reverse of idi 

r ) as in 3^ qk^ ]/) qrl^ &c, 

64. Qu may be substituted by k in such 
words as conquer^ liquor^ marque^ &c. 



48 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

65. Cuj frequently sound like q^ and may 
be expressed by the same character; wri- 
ting qr for cure; se-qr for secure; Uo-q-tion 
for elocution^ &c. 

QQ, R^ when joined with other letters, is 
represented by a simple oblique line, thus / , 
the same as d^ with this exception, d is al- 
ways made down from right to left ; but r 
must in all cases be made up from left to 
right, as in the following examples, fiu drk^ 
y\_ rst, </— dprt^ _A^ trnd^ &c. 

67. JRe^ forming a distinct syllable at the 
beginning of a word, must be expressed by 
the character representing r in the first, sec- 
ond and third exercises, thus / , in all cases 
commencing with the curve. Examples, 
//re-fer^ ^ re-gard^ &c. 

68. The same character is also written 
singly^ to express the words are^ art^ and 
or. See No. 150. 

69. To express rr^ first make the simple 
oblique line thus / , commencing at bottom ; 
then join the other character ( </ ) represent- 
ing r, to the last point of the former, thus 
/ ; writing ^ tr-r for terror; -^^^^ tr-rnt 
for torrent^ &c. 

70. aS is represented by a short perpen- 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 49 

dicular line, thus I , alwajvS commencing at 
the top, as in Ix^ sngj k/ stndj &c. 

71. aS' being silent, must be omitted in 
such words as demesne^ isle, island, puisne^ 
viscounty &c. 

72. aS' has frequently the sound of sh, and 
must in such cases be substituted by the 
latter; writing Asha, for Asia; Prsha^ for 
Persia^ &c. 

73. A distinct character is assigned to rep- 
resent the double consonant sh, for whichj 
see exposition of the same, No. 95. 

74. Ss may be expressed by making the 
character for s twice separately, thus |1, or 
by drawing one twice its usual length, thus 

i , writing /ll or /| re-sSj for recess^ &c. 

75. Tis represented by a short horizontal 
line thus — , in all cases to be made from 
left to rigiit. Examples, -y^trn, ^-A^trst^&c. 

76. T may be omitted in such words as 
bustle^ chasten^ eclat^ hautboy ^ mortgage^ &c. 

77. Tt must be written thus = , as in ^ 
«-/, for tattle and tittle^ &c. 

78. Th occurring together, must be ex- 
pressed by drawing the horizontal line for 
t twice its usual length, thus — , as in o, 

6 



50 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

thm^ ^ thrl^ &c. See exposition of the 

double consonants, No. 96. 

79. Fis represented by two distinct cha- 
racters, each composed of a loop and large 
semicircle, thus Q and 3; (twice the size 
of those representing /,) either of which 
may be used for v^ when written in connec- 
tion with other letters, as in the following 
examples : "^ gv^ 3 ^'^? Xj ^^^^j &c. For the 
words they denote when standing alone, see 
Nos. 153 and 154. 

80. Vv may be expressed by writing either 
of the characters for v^ twice. 

81. W, Two distinct characters have been 
appropriated to represent this letter, each 
composed of a small loop and large semi- 
circle, thus C\ and ?^, (twice the size of 
those representing A:;) writing either in con- 
nection with other letters. Examples, <*^ 
diol, CO) frwlj cfec. 

82. W may be omitted in such words as 
wrap, wreck, wretch, answer, sword, &c. 

83. For the expression of ivh, see exposi- 
tion of the double consonants. No. 97. 

84. JT is also represented by two distinct 
characters, each composed of a small curve 
and oblique line, thus ^ and ^ ; using that 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 51 

which most easily combines with the pre- 
ceding letter. Examples, |^ sx^ -^ txt^ &c. 

85. JThas the sound of ^ at the beginning 
of proper names, as heard in Xanthus^ JCeno- 
2)hon^ Xerxes^ &c., and must be substituted 
by that letter accordingly. 

86. X may generally be substituted for 
cks^ or cts^ at the end of a word; writing c^ 
fx for facts ^ Jix^ and fox; /^ rx for racks ^ 
ricks ^ rocks ^ and icrecks^ &c. 

87. Yj at the beginning of a word or syl- 
lable, is represented thus 7 , (the reverse of 
z /" ^) always commencing with the curve, as 
in ^ ytj <^ yngj &c. 

88. Fmust ahvays be substituted for i, 
in the final syllable of such words as billiards^ 
collier^ million, ^ onion ^ pinion , pannier, &c. 

89. For the expression of i/, in such words 
as day J prey, many, marry , type, thyme, ty- 
rant, &c. See exposition of the vowels a, 
6andi; Nos. 102,112,113,117. 

90. Z is represented by a small curve and 
oblique line, thus /^ , (the reverse of p y^) 
in all cases commencing at the top. Ex- 
amples znk <^, zst C, &c. 

91. Z may frequently be substituted for s, 



52 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

when it has the hard hissing sound of the 
former. 

EXPOSITION OF THE DOUBLE CONSONANTS. 

92. Ch. The sound of c/i, as heard in 
charm J chapte?^^ child ^ chosen^ church, &c., is 
represented thus y , always commencing 
with the curve. Examples, ^, chl for chilly 

y-^ chng^ for change, &c. 

93. Ch having a hard sound like k, in chaos^ 
chorus^ chemist, &c., must always be ex- 
pressed by k in such words accordingly; 
writing skem for scheme; skdol for school, &c. 

94. Ch must be expressed by sh, in such 
w^ords as chagrin, chaise, chamade, chande- 
lier, &c. 

95. Sh is represented thus \ and /] the 
first being an oblique line twice the length 
of p, always commencing at the top. as in 
\^ shrt, &c.; the second is an oblique line 
twice the length of d, and may be made 
either by an ascending or descending move- 
ment, as convenience of combinati'^n may 
require. Examples, \/ psh, /j shtr, &c. 

96. th. For the expression of th, draw 
the horizontal line for t, twice its usual 
length, thus ~ — , as in r >, thm, — ^1 

ihnksj &c. 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 53 

97. Wh. A small curve and perpendicu- 
lar line, thus f , (the reverse of q,) mast be 
used for the expression of wh; as in the fol- 
lowing examples, (^ lohen^ whin, L lohat, 
whetj ivhitj &c. 

98. The first character representing h^ 
must be written instead of the above, for ivh^ 
in such w^ords as lohole^ wholesome^ wholly^ 
tohdopj ichootj &c. 

99. After the learner has given due atten- 
tion to the foregoing illustrations, he may 
commence joining the characters together, 
and for his first practice, copy the examples 
which have been introduced in the Steno- 
graphical Copy Book, as the Fifth Lesson; 
writing each as many times as possible in 
the space appropriated for that purpose. 

100. The student must next proceed to ex- 
press in Short-Hand, the following exercise, 
and while writing each example as in the 
previous lesson, endeavor to impress upon 
his memory the words they respectively 
stand for. 



54 



L COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 



EXERCISE FIFTH. 

With a view to facilitate the progress of the Learner, as much 
as possible in reading Short-Hand manuscriptj the word or words 
which esxh example may denote, have been placed immediately 
at the right of the same: — for instance, the letters b st^ when 
joined together, will stand for best and hust^ leaving the writer 
in deciphering to be guided by the context, which of those words 
the characters w^ere intended to express. 



ibnd 

ibng 

ibsk 

jbst 

! bind 
blnk 
blst 
brnk 
bnch 92 
brth96 

, bbl 23 

jbbn 

I be-km 2' 

; be-dk 

1 be-dm 
be-frnd 
be-gt 
be-hd 
be-hld 
be-lng 
be-nm 
be-qst 
be-rft 
be-st 
be-trst 
dd33 

dmp 
dns2S 
drk 
drm 
drs 
drt 
dsk 
dsh 95 
dth96 
drft 35 
idrnk 
jfl 

1 ffr 36 
ifhd 
ifrm 



band. bend, bond, 
bang, bung, 
bask, busk J 
best bust, 

I bland, blend, blond, 
' blank, blink, 
! blast, blessed, 31 
i brank, brink, 
i bench, bunch, 
' berth,' birth, breath, 
I babble, bubble, 
: bobbin, 
became, become, 

bedeck, 

bedim, 

befriend, 

begat, beget, begot, 

behead, 

beheld, 

belong, 
I benum, 
! bequest, 
! bereft 

! besat, beset, besot, 
' betrust, 

dad, dead, did, 

dag, dig. dog, dug, 

damp, dump, 

dance, dense, dunce, 

dark, dirk, 

dram, drum, 

dress, dross, 

dart, dirt, 

desk, disk, dusk, 

dash, dish, 

death, doth, 

draft, draught, drift, 

drank, drink, drunk^ 

fell, fill, full, 

fe offer, 

fend, fond, 

farm, firm, form. 



fst 

fish 95 

frnd 
:frnk 

frst 

gg40 

gft 

gmp 

grd 

gsh 95 

gst 
; hmp 
I hnt 
ihrd 

hrt 

hsh95 

jb 

is 

jm 

Jt 

ist 
ki 

kp 

krd 

krv 
Ikst 

king 

krmp 

krsh 95 

ktch 92 

1ft 

imp 

Ind 

Ing 

Ink 
';! Int 

Irk 

1st 

mnk 

mrk 64 

msh 95 

msk 64 



fast, fist, fust, 

flash, flesh, flush, 

friend, 

frank, 

first, frost, 

gag,' gig, 

gift, 

gimp, 

gird, guard^ 

gash, gush, 

guest, gust, 

h^mp, hump, 

hint, hunt, 

hard, heard, herd, 

hart, heart, hurt, 

hash, hush, 

jib, job, _ 

jagg,jig,iog,jug, 

j am , J amb , 25 gem, 45 

jet, jot, jut, 

jest, just, 

cull, 47 kill, kiln, 56 

cap, cop, cup, 

card, curd, 

carve, curve, 

cast, cost, 

clang, cling, clung, 

cramp, crimp, crump, 

crash, crush, 

catch, ketch, 

left, lift, loft. 

lamp, limp, lump, 

land, lend, 

ling, long, lung, 

lank, link, 

lent, lint, lunt, 

lark, lurk, 

last, lest, list lost lust, 

mink, monk, 

mark, marque, 

mash, mesh, mush, 

mask, mosque, musk, 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 



55 





EXERCISE FIFTH i| 




[continued.] 


s 

1 

^ — J 


mnr 


manner, manor, 


qstn 


1 
question. 


mm 


morn, mourn, 


rft 


raft, reft, rift, 


mmbr 54 


member, 


rnk 


rank, | 


mngl 


mangle, mmgle, 


rnt 


rant, rent, runt. 


1 ninth 96 


month. 


rsh95 


rash, rush. 


\ mrkt 


market. 


rsk 


risk, rusk. 


! mrsl 


morsel. 


rmpl 
rndm 


rimple, rumple, 


mrtl 


mortal, myrtle, 


random. 


mrtr 


martyr, mortar, 


rndr 


render, 


mrvl 


marvel, 


rnkl 


rankle, wrinkle, 82 


mstr 


master, muster. 


rnsm 


ransom. 


nk 


knack, 48 knock, nick, 


rstk 


rustic, 47 


np 


knap, nap, nip, 


re-dm 67 


redeem. 


nno7 


none, nun, 


re-drs 


redress, 


nmf 


nymph, 35 


re-fr 


refer, 


nml 


animal, enamel, 


re-grd 


regard, 
relent, 


nrv 


nerve, 


re-lnt 


ntr 


enter, inter, 


re-lx 84 


relax. 


nktr 


nectar, 47 


re-mmbr 


remember, 


nmbr 


number. 


re-mrk 


remark, 


npkn 


napkin, 


re-ms 


remiss, 


pack, peck, pick, 


re-pl 


repel. 


P"?P.. 


pimp, pomp, pump, 


re-pnt 


repent, 


ppl62 


people, 


re-pst 


repast, 


prl 


pearl, purl, 


re-ss 74 


recess, 


pst 


past, pest, 


re-sst 


resist. 


pth96 


path, pith, 


re-spnd 


respond, 


pdlr 


padler, pedlar, 


re-trd 


retard. 


pink 


plank, 


re-trn 


return. 


pnch 92 


pinch, punch, 


re-vng 


revenge, 


pndr 


pander, ponder^ 


re-vrs 


reverse, 


pnmn 


penman, 


re-vrt 


revert. 


ppln 62 


poplin. 


sft 


sift, soft. 


prdn 


pardon, 


skm 


scum, skim. 


prll52 


parallel, 


snf 


sniff, snuif. 


prns 


prance, prince, 28 


spl 


spell, spill. 


prsh 95 


parish, perish, 


spr 


spar, spur. 


prsl 


parcel, 28 


stf 


staff, stiff. 


pstr 


pastor, pester. 


stp 


step, stop. 


pttr 77 


patter, potter, 


swm 


swam, swim, swum, 


qk 


quack, quick. 


sing 


slang, sling, slung, 


qi 


quell, quill, 


sink 


slink, slunk. 


qkn 


quicken, 


smpl 


sample, simple, 
spank, spink, spunk. 


qlt 


quilt, 


spnk 


qrk 


quirk. 


sppr 62 


sapper, supper, 


1 qrl 


quarrel, querl, 


sstm 74 


system. 


qrt 


quart, 


sstr 


sister, 


qnch 92 


quench, 


stmp 


stamp, stump, 


qntm 


quantum. 


stng 


stang, sling, stung. 



56 



A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 



EXERCISE FIFTH 

[continued.] 



tkl 

tng 

trn 

tsk 

ttl 77 

tmpr 

tndr 

tngl 

trmp 

trth 96 

vmp 

vnd 

vnm 

vnt 

vrg 

vrs 

vsl 

vst 

vxn84 

vrbl 

vrgn 

vrmn 

vrnl 

vspr 

vstl 

wt 

wft 

wit 

wnd 

wng 

wnk 

Avnt 

wrd 

wrm 

wrn 

wsh 95 

wsp 

wtch 92 

wndr 

wlkm 

wntr 

wsdm 

xs 

xmn 

xmt 

xpl 59 

xst 

xpnd 59 

x})rs 



tackle, tickle. 

tang, tongue. 

tern, torn, turn. 

task, tusk. 

tattle, tittle. 

tamper, temper. 

tender, tinder. 

tangle, tingle. 

tramp, tromp, trump. 

troth, truth. 

vamp. 

vend. 

venom. 

vent. 

verge. 

verse. 

vassal, vessel. 

vast, vest. 

vixen. 

verbal. 

virgin. 

vermin. 

vernal. 

vesper. 

vestal. 

wet, wit. 

waft, weft. 

welt, wilt. 

wand, wend, wind. 

wang, wing. 

wink. 

want, went, wont. 

ward, word. 

warm, worm. 

warn, worn. 

wash, wish. 

wasp, wisp. 

watch, witch. 

wander, wonder. 

welcome. 

winter. 

wisdom. 

excess. 

examine. 

exempt. 60 

expel. 

exist. 

expand, expend. 

express. 



xprt 
xtnt 

yi 

ys 

yip 

yng 

yrd 

yrk 

yrn 

zfr 

znk 

zst 

chf 92 

chp 

cht 

chmp 

chns 

chnt 

chrm 

chrt 

chst 

chptr 

shn 95 

shd 

shp 

shft 

shlf 

shrk 

shrp 

shtr 

shltr 

shngl 

thn96 

thr 

ths 

thnk 

thrd 

thndr 

thrft 

thrng 

thrsh 

thrst 

whf97 

whm 

whn 

whr 

wht 

whip 



expert, export. 

extant, extent. 

yell. 

yes. 

yacht, yet. 

yelp. 

young. 

yard. 

yerk. 

yarn, yern. 

zafRr, zephyr. 61 

zinc. 

zest. 

chaff, chuff. 

chap, chip, chop. 

chat, chit. 

champ, chump. 

chance. 

chant. 

charm. 

chart. 

chest. 

chapter. 

shin, shun. 

shad, shed, shod. 

ship, shop. 

shaft, shift. 

shelf. 

shark. 

sharp. 

shatter shutter. 

shelter. 

shingle. 

than, then, thin. 

their, there. 

this, thus. 

thank, think. 

third, thread. 

thunder, 

thrift. 

throng. 

thrash, thresh, thrush 

thirst, thrust. 

whiff. 

whim. 

when, whin. 

where. 

what, whet, whit. 

whelp. 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 57 

EXPOSITION OP THE VOWELS AND DIPHTHONGS. 

101. A, The long slender sound of a, 
as heard in age^ ake, ale, base, face/pare, tare^ 
&c., is represented thus 1 at the beginning 
of a word, and thus 1 or p , when preceded 
by other characters. Examples, V. ^p^^ 
"L. ate^ ?^ lame^ # rare^ &c. 

102. The long slender a must be substi- 
tuted for the diphthongs, ai^ aUj ay^ ea, ei, and 
£)?/, in such w^ords as aid^ gauge, nay, reig'u^ 
prey, &c. 

103. The long Italian «, at the beginning 
of a word, as heard in alms, ardor, army, 
&c., is represented thus S . Examples, V" 
arch, ^ ark, i&c. 

104. The short Italian a, at the beginning 
of a word, as heard in add, act, ant, &c,, is 
represented thus p. Examples, Z^ answer, 
^ attend, B/^ attempt, &c. 

105. The long or short Italian a, occur- 
ring in the middle or at the end of a word, 
may be expressed thus S or p . Examples, 
^ halm, ^ Id, <rv^ coral, &c. 

106. The same characters (S and p)must 
also be used to express the diphthong au, in 
such words as aunt, daunt, jaunt, laugh, 
launch, (fee. 



58 A COJIPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

107. The broad German a, au and au^ 
may be expressed thus <x or 9. , as in \y 
Clltar and altei% ^ — / author^ c<^ daughte?^^ 
Av draiOj — \thaic^ &c. 

108. Oa and ou^ have sometimes the sound 
of au^ and must be expressed by the same 
characters accordingly. Examples, ^ 
broad^ — ^ thought^ &c. 

109. When the long sound of e as heard 
in eagle^ east^ beam^ deem, &c., occurs at the 
beginning of a word, it is represented thus 
<^ . Examples, <v each, v ear, &c. 

110. The short sound of e, at the begin- 
ning of a word, as heard in ebb, edge, etch, &c., 
is represented thus*^. Examples, V err, 
V-/ earn, &c. 

111. The long or short sound of e occur- 
ring in the middle or at the end of a word, 
it may be expressed thus ^ or ^ . Exam- 
ples, ^ fear, ^ free, "^ A, authoress, e^o^ 

comet, &c. 

112. JEJ must be substituted for the diph- 
thongs, ea, ee, ei, ey, and ie, in the words, 
beast, beer, ceil, key, liege, &c. 

1 13. / and 7/ must be expressed by e, in such 
words as fatigue, intrigue, marine, fancy, 
mercy, &c. 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 59 

114. When the long diphthongal sound of 
t, (as heard in ice, idol^ item^ fight^ lights 
mine^ timCj &c,,) occurs at the beginning of 
a word, it is represented thus o- . Exam- 
ples, e-A' iroTij „ — ^ iterrij &c. 

1 15. The short sound of ^, at the begin- 
ning of a word, as heard in i//, impj itch^ &c., 
is represented thus Q-. Examples, o-.,^ inchj 
'^^^j^ ink^ i&c. 

116. The long or short sound of i, when 
written in conjunction with, and preceded 
by other characters, may be expressed thus 
0- or ^ . Examples, '^"v- hlgh^ hie, \j>—. nighty 
\^ prlde^ ry^^ mimiCj X^y panic, &c. 

117. The diphthongs ei, eye, ie, ui and uy, 
also y, sounding like i long, in such words as 
height J eyelid, lie, guide, buy, tyjw, tyrant, &c. 
must be expressed by the same characters. 

118. Oi and oy. For the expression of 
oi and oy, make the loops of the characters 
representing i, twice their usual size, thus 
cr and ^. Examples, <n oil ^^^'^ oyster, 
"^^^ joy, '^'^-ijoin, ^ noise, &c. 

119. The long open o^ as heard in old. 
Open, hope, more, sore, tone, &c., is represent- 
ed thus c/ , at the beginning of a word. Ex- 
amples, o/ ode, y^ oral, &c. 



60 A COISIPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

120. The short and broad sounds of o^ as 
heard in object^ observe^ organ^ orphan^ &c., 
are represented thus ^ at the beginning of 
a word. Examples, a4 ^ppresSy /i^ ordeal^ 
&c. 

121. When the long, short or broad sound 
of 0, occurs in the middle or at the end of a 
word, it may be expressed thus c/ or ^ . 
Examples, n^ mode^ r^^ moan, ^jv^ carolj 
y^ sdrdj &c. 

122. Ouj oe oOj ou, etc and eaii, sound 
like the long open o in such words as boar^ 
foe^ floor /pour, slow, sew, beau, &c., and must 
therefore be expressed by the same char- 
acters. 

123. The long close 6, and 66, as heard in 
l6se, m6ve,pr6ve, r66m, sp66n, t66l, &c. must be 
expressed by making the loops of the char- 
acters representing the long open, short and 
broad 0, twice their usual size — thus c/ and 

6 . Examples, 3^ l6se, r^ 7n66n^ \sr^ 
ri66n, &c. 

124. The long close 6 must be substituted 
for the diphthongs eu, oe, ou, and wo, in such 
w^ords as rheum, canoe, shoe, croup, soup, 
tour, two, &c. 

125. The long sound of u, as heard in 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 61 

union, unity, pupil, tutor, &c., is represented 
thus 7 at the beginning of a word. Ex- 
amples, ^ use, ^ unite, &c. 

126. The short and naiddle sounds of u, 
as heard in uncle, upper, urge, urn, &c., are 
represented thus /* at the beginning of a 
word. Examples, £j utter, ^^^^ urchin, 

127. The long, short, or middle sound of 
u, may be expressed thus ;^ or /^ when 
written in conjunction with, and preceded 
by other characters. Examples, ^ rule, 
-^ tune, *~^ gamut, &c. 

128. C^may be substituted for en, ew, ue, 
ieu, and iew, in such words as feud, few, 
glue, lieu, view, &c. 

129. He must be omitted in the words 
fatigue, intrigue, oblique, &c. 

130. The sound of the diphthongs ou and 
ow, as heard in hour, sour, hoioer, tower, 
&c., is expressed by making the loops of 
the characters representing u twice their 
usual size, thus 9 and/o. Examples, 

y^ noio, — 7^ thou, cfec, 

6 



62 



A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 





EXERCISE SIXTH. 




Examples for the 


Learner's 


practice. 


ad 101 


aid. 102 


la 


lay. 


ag 


age. 


lad 


lade, laid. 


ak 


ake, ache. 


lam 


lame. 


al 


ale, ail. 


Ian 


lane, lain. 


am 


aim. 


lat 


late. 


ap 


ape. 


mad 


made, maid. 


ar 


air, ere, e'er, heir. 102 


mal 


male, mail. 


at 


ate, eight. 102 


man 


mane, main. 


ba 


bay, bey. 102 
babe. 


mar 


mare, mayor. 102 


bab 


mat 


mate. 


bak 


bake. 


maz 


maze, maize. 


bal 


bale, bail. 102 


na 


nay, neigh. 102 


baa 


bane. 


nal 


nail. 


bar 


bare, bear. 102 


nar 


nave, knave. 48 


bas 


base, bass. 


pa 


pay. 


bat 


bate, bait. 


pad 


paid. 


baz 


baize, bays. 91 


pal 


pale, pail. 


da 
dal 


day, dey. 102 
dale. 


pan 
par 


pane, pain, 
pare, pair, pear. 


dam 


dame. 


qak 


quake. 


dan 


dane, deign. 102 


qal 


quail. 


dar 


dare. 


ra 


ray. 


dat 


date. 


JIf 


rage. 


fad 


fade. 


rail. 


fal 


fail. 


ran 


rane, rain, rein, reign. 


fam 


fame. 


rang 


range. 


fan 


fane, fain, feign. 


rar 


rare. 


fant 


faint, feint. 


rat 


rate. 


far 


fare, fair. 


sa 


say. 
sale, sail. 


fas 


face. 28 


sal 


ifat 


fate. 


sam 


same, saim. 


■fath 


faith. 96 


sant 


saint. 


ga 


gay. 


tal 


tale, tail. 


gag 
gal 


gage, gauge. 102 


tam 


tame. 


gale. 


tant 


taint. 


gam 


game. 


tap 


tape. 


gall 


gain. 


tar. 


tare, tear. 


gat 


gate, gait. 


val 


vale, vail, veil. 102 


gaz 


gaze. 


van 


vane, vain, vein. 


ha 


hay, hey. 102 


vas 


vase.' 


hal 


hale, hail. 


wa 


way, weigh. 102 


har 


hare, hair. 


wad 


wade, weighed. 


hat 


hate. 


wal 


wale, wail. 


ja 


jay. 


wan 


wane, wain. 


jad 


jade. 


war 


ware, wear. 


J5l 


jail, gaol. 45 


wast 


waste, waist. 


ian 
kal 


jane. 


wat 


wait, weight. 


kale, kayle. 102 


wav 


wave, waive. 


kas 


case. 


ya 


yea. 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 



63 





EXERCISE SIXTH | 




[continued.] 




ech 109 


each. 


lev 


leave. 


ek 


eke. 


med 


mead, meed. 


el 


eel. 


mek 


meek. 


en 


e'en. 


mel 


meal. 


er 


ear. 


men 


mean, mien. 112 


es 


ease. 


mer 


mere. 


est 


east. 


met 


meat, meet, mete. 


et 


eat. 


ne 


knee. 48 


ev 


eve. 


ned 


need, kneed, knead. ' 


be 111 


bee. 


nel 


kneel. 


bed 


bead. 112 


nep 


neap. 


bef 


beef. 


ner 


near. ! 


bek 


beak. 


net 


neat. j 


bem 


beam. 


pel 


peal, peel. i 


ben 


bean. 


per 


peer, pier. 1 


b5r 


beer, bier. 112 


qen 


quean, queen. 


bet 


beat, beet. 


qer 


queer. 


ded 


deed. 


rech 


reach. 


del 


deal. 


red 


read, reed. 


dera 


deem. 


ref 


reef. j 


den 


dean. 


r.k 


reek. 


dep 


deep. 


rel 


reel. 


der 


dear, deer. 


rem 


ream. 


fe 


fee. 


rep 


reap. 


fed 


feed. 


rer 


rear. 


fel 


feel. 


se 


sea, see. 


fcdd 


field. 112 


sed 


seed, cede. 


fer 


fear. 


sek 


seek. 


fest 


feast. 


sel 


seal, ceil. 


fet 


feat, feet. 


sem 


seam, seem. 


ger 


gear. 


sen 


seen, scene, seine. 


ges 


geese. 


ser 


sear, seer, cere. 


hed 


heed. 


set 


seat. 


hel 


heal, heel. 


te 


tea. j 


hep 


heap. 


tem 


team, teem. j 


her 


hear, here. 


ter 


tear, tier. j 


het 


heat. 


teth 


teeth. 1 


heth 


heath. 


vel 


veal. 


jer 


jeer. 


ver 


veer. 


k 1 


keel. 


wed 


weed. 


ken 


keen. 


wek 


weak, week. 


kep 


keep. 


wel 


weal, weel. ; 


15 


lee, ley. 


weld 


wield. 1 


lech 


leach, leech. 


wen 


wean. 


led 


lead, 


wep 


weep. 


lef 


leaf, lief. 


yeld 


yield. 


lek 


leak, leek. 


yen 


yean. 


len 


lean. 


yer 
zel 


year. i 


l6p 


leap. 


zeal. ; 



m 



A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 



EXERCISE SIXTH 

[continued.] 



!dl 

idr 

il 

irn 

itm 

bl 

bTd 

bll 

bit 

di 

dik 

dim 

dimnd 

din 

dir 

dis 

div 

fi 

fif 

fll 

fm 

find 

finl 

fir 

fit 

fiv 

gid 

gU 

hi 

hid 

hind 

hir 

hit 

kil 

kin 

kit 

li 

llbl 

llf 

likn 

lim 

lln 

llr 

lit 

mil 

mild 

min 

minr 

mir 



Idle, idol. 

eider. 

isle. 

iron. 

item. 

by, buy. 

bide. 

bile 

bite, bight. 

die, dye. 

dike. 

dime. 

diamond. 

dine. 

dire, dyer. 

dice. 

dive. 

fife. 

file. 

fine. 

find. 

final. 

fire. 

fight. 

five. 

guide. 

guile. 

hie, high. 

hide. 

hind. 

hire, higher. 

hight, height. 

kile. 

kine. 

kite. 

lie, lye. 

libel. 

life. 

i liken, lichen. 93 

lime. 

line. 

liar, lier, lyre. 

light. 

mile. 

mild. 

mine. 

miner, minor. 

mire. 



mit 

ni 

knife 

nln 

nit 

pil 

pin 

pip 

qlr 

rl 

rid 

rim 

rip 

rit 

ritr 

si 

sId 

sidl 

sin 

sir 

sTrn 

sit 

sith 

ti 

tid 

tik 

til 

tim 

tip 

tir 

tit 

tith 

vl 

vil 

vin 

Yipr 

vis 

visr 

vitl 

wid 

wif 

wll 

wild 

win 

wip 

wir 

wis 

wit 



mite, might, 

nigh. 1 

knife. ] 

nine. j 

night, knight. | 

pie, pye. | 

pile. f 

pine. 

pipe. _ 

quire, choir. 

rye, wry. 82 

ride. 

rime, rhyme. 

ripe. 

rite write right wright. 

righter, writer. 

sigh. 

side. 

sidle. 

sign^sine. 

sire. 

siren. 

site, sight, cite, 28 

sythe. 117 

tiejtye. 

tide, tied. 

tike, tyke. 

tile. 

time, thyme. 

type. 117 

tire, tyer. 

tight. 

tithe. 

vie. 

vile. 

vine. 

viper. 

vise, vice. 

visor. 

vital. 

wide. 

wife. 

wile. 

wild. 

wine. 

wipe» 

wire. 

wise. 

wiobt. 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 



65 





EXERCISE SIXTH \ 






[C ONTINUED.] 






oba 101 


obey. 102 


kor 


core, corps. 60 




od 


ode. 


kors 


coarse, corse, course. 




odm 


odium. 


kort 


court. 




odr 


odor. 


kost 


coast. 




of 


oaf. 122 


kot 


coat, cote. 




f 


ogle. 


kov 


cove. 




oak. 


16 


lo, low. 1 




okr 


ochre. 93 


lod 


load, lode, i 




old 


old. 


lom 


l6am. 




omn 


omen. 


Ion 


l6an, lone. 




on 


own. 122 


lot 


lote. 




onr 


owner. 


loth 


I6athe. 96 




op 


ope. 


m6 


mow. 




opl 


opal. 


mod 


mode. j 




opm 


opium. 


mol 


mole. i 




or 


oar, ore, o'er. 122 


mold 


mold, mould. 1 




orl 


oral. 


m5n 


moan. 1 




oshn 


ocean. 


mop 


mope, 1 




6th 96 


oath. 


mor 


more, mower. 




ovl 


oval. 


morn 


mourn. 




bo 


bo, bow, beau. 122 


m6st 


m6st. 




bod 


bode. 


m6tv 


motive. 




bol 


bole, boll, bowl. 


nol 


knolL 48 




bolt 


bolt. 


not 


note. 




bor 


boar, bore. 


poch 


poach. 92 




bord 


board, bored. 


por 


pore, pour. 




bost 


boast. 


qot 


quote. 




bOt 


boat. 


ro 


roe, row. 




do 


doe, dough. 


rob 


robe. 




dol 


dole. 


r6d 


road, r5wed. 




dor 


door. 


rol 


role, roll. 




dot 


doat, dote. 


ron 


roan. 




fo 


foe. 


r5t 


rote, wrote. 82 




fol 


foal. 


so 


so, sow. 
sole, soul. 




fom 


foam. 


sol 




for 


fore, four. 122 


sold 


sold, souled. 




god 


goad. 


sor 


soar, sore. 




gol 


goal. 


sord 


soared, sord, sword. S2 




gor 


goar, goer, gore. 


to 


to, toe, t6w. 




ho 


ho, hoe. 122 


tod 


toad, towed. 




horn 


home, holm. 51 


t6l 


tole, toll. 




hon 


hone. 


told 


told, tolled. 




hop 


hope. 


vog 


vogue. 




jok 


joke. ^ 


vokl 


vocal. 




jol 
koch 92 


jole, joll. 


vol 


vole. 




coach. 28 


v6t 


vote. 




kol 


coal, cole. 


wo 


woe. 




kom 


comb. 25 


wod 


wo ad. 




kon 


cone. 


w6v 


wove. 





(0* 



66 



A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 





EXERCISE SIXTH | 




[continued.] 




unt 


unit. 


mutne 


mutiny. 113 


unit 


unite. i 


mutner 


mutineer. 


ius 


use. 


nu 


new. 


i usr 


user. 


niid 


nude. 


bugl 


bugle. 


nus 


news. 


blu 


blew, blue. 127 


nutr 


neuter. 


brut 


brute, bruit. 


nutrl 


neutral. 


du 


dew, due. 


pu 


pew. 


dus 


deuce, deuse. 


pugi 


pugil. 


dru 


drew. 


pul 


pule. 


fu 


few. 


pun 


puisne. 71 


fud 


feiid. 


pune 


puny. 113 


fudl 


feudal. 


pupl 


pupil. 


ful 


fuel. 


pur 


pure. 


fum 


fume. 


pus 


puce. 


fure 


fury. 113 


putr 


pewter. 


flu 


flew, flue. 


putrr 69 


pewterer. 


fluk 


fluke. 


plum 


plume. 


iflut 


flute. 


plurl 


plural. 


frut 


fruit. 


prud 


prude. 


glu 


glue. 


prun 


prune. 


1 gru 


grew. 


qbb 


cubeb. 65 


hu 


hew, hue. 


qbk 


cubic. 


humd 


humid. 


qkmbr 


cucumber. 


humn 


human. 


rud 


rude. 


j« 


jew. 


rul 


rule. 


Jul 


jewel. 


rumr 


rumor. 


julr 


jeweller. 


rurl 


rural. 


jure 


jury. 113 


su 


sue. 


jurr 69 


juror. 


surl 


sural. 


klu 


clew. 


sut 


suit, suite. 


kri5d 


crude. 


sutr 


suitor. 


krul 


crewel, cruel. 


slu 


slew, slue. 


krus 


cruise, cruse. 


slus 


sluice. 


lu 


lieu. 


spurn 


spume. 


lud 


lewd. 


stu 


stew. 


luk 


luke. 


stupd 


stupid. 


ilukr 


lucre. 


stnpr 


stupor. 


lun 


lune. 


tu 


tew. 


lunr 


lunar 


tub 


tube. 


lur 


lure. 


tumd 


tumid. 


Ius 


luce. 


tumlt 


tumult. 


lusfr 


lucifer. 


tumr 


tumor. 


lut 


lute. 


tun 


tune. 


mu 


mew, mue. 


tutr 


tutor. 


mul 


mewl, mule. 


tru 


true. 


mur 


mure 


trus 


truce. 


murl 


mural. 


vii 


view. 


mus 


[muse. 


yul 


yule. 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRArHY. 



67 





EXERCISE 


SEVENTH. 




Examples for the Learner's practice. 1 


Sims 103 


alms. 51 


autm 


autumn. 56 


ant 


aunt. 106 


authr 96 


author. 


arbr 


arbor. 


bauk 


balk. 51 


arch 92 


arch. 


baul 


ball, bawl. 1 


ardr 


ardor. 


bauld 


bald, bawled. 


ark 28 


arc, ark. 


baut 


bought. 108, 38 


arm 


arm. 


brand 


broad. 108 


arme 


army. 113 


braut 


brought. 


armr 


armor. 


dau 


daw. 


as 


ass. 


daub 


daub. 


asp 


asp. 


daun 


dawn. 


ad 104 


add. 


dautr 


daughter. 38 


adr 


adder. 


drau 


draw. 


aft 


aft. 


draul 


drawl. 


aim 


alum. 


faul 


fall. 


ami 


amel. 


fault 


fault. 


arst 


arrest. 


faun 


faun, fawn. 


asst 74 


assist. 


faut 


fought. 108 


atmpt 


attempt. 60 
attend. 


flau 


flaw. 


atnd 


fraud 


fraud. 


atst 


attest. 


fraut 


fraught. 38 


bal05 


baa. 


gauk 


gawk. 


bam 


balm. 61 


gaul 


gall. 


dant 


daunt. 106 


gauz 


gauze. 


gant 


gaunt. 


hau 


haw. 


gap 


gape. 


hauk 


hawk. 


hanch92 


haunch. 


haul 


hall, haul. 


hant 


haunt. 


jau 


jaw. 


jant 

kaf28 


jaunt. 


kau 


caw. 28 


calf. 51 


kauk 


calk. 51 


kam 


calm. 


kaul 


call, caul. 


la 


la. 


kaus 


cause, caws. 


laf 


laugh. 39 


kaut 


caught. 38 


lanch92 


launch. 


klau 


claw. 


lath 


lath. 


klaus 


clause, claws. 


pam 


palm. 51 


krau 


craw. 


qam 


qualm. 


kraul 


crawl. 


rath 


wrath. 82 


lau 


law. 


ssim 


psalm. 60 


laud 


laud. 


sav 


salve. 


laun 


lawn. 


tant 


taunt. 


laurl 


laurel. 


vant 


vaunt. 


mau 


maw. 


aubrn 107 


auburn. 


maul 


maul. 


audt 


audit. 


nau 


gnaw. 38 [ 


audtr 


auditor- 


naut 


naught, nought. 


au^r 


auger, augur. 


pau 


paw. 


auldr 


alder. 


paun 


pawn. 


aurst 


aurist. 


paupr 


pauper. 


aut 


aught, ought. 38. 


pans 


pause, paws. 



68 



A CO:\IPLETE GUIDE TO THE 





EXERCISE 


SEVENTH i 




[continued.] || 


rau 


raw. 


joi 


joy. 


raut 


wrought. 82, 108 


join 


join. 


sau 


saw. 


joist 
koi 


joist. 


sault 


salt. 


coy. 28 


saus 


sauce, saws. 


koil 


coil. 


saut 


sought. 38, 108 


koin 


coin. 


slautr 


slaughter. 


loin 


loin. 


spraul 


sprawl. 


moil 


moil. 


stauk 


stalk. 


moist 


moist. 


staul 


stall. 


nois 


noise. 


tau 


taw. 


point 


point. 


tauk 


talk. 


pois 


poise. 


taul 


tall. 


qoit 


quoit. 


taut 


taught. 38 


roil 


roil. 


vault 


vault. 


soil 


soil. 


wauk 


walk. 51 


toi 


toy. 
toil. 


waul 


wall, waul. 


toil 


wautr 


water. 


void 


void. 


yaul 


yawl. 


vols 


voice. 28 


yaun 


yawn 


bdl20 


odd. 


gbllO 


ebb. 


bfl 


offal. 


edg 


edge. 


bfnd 


offend. 


eft 


elt. 


bfr 


offer. 


?g 


^gg- 


bfsr 


officer. 


el 


ell. 


bkr 


occur, 28 


elf 


elf. 


bpra 


opera. 


elk 


elk. 


bpCs 121 


oppose. 


elm 


elm. 


bprs 


oppress. 


els 


ells, else. 


bptk 


optic. 28. 


6nd 


end. 


orb 


orb. 120 


er 


err. 


brbt 


orbit. 


5rl 


earl. 


ordl 


ordeal. 


ern 


earn. 


drfn 


orphan. 61 


11115 


ill. 


orgn 


organ. 


Imp 


imp. 


book 123 


book. 


in 


inn. 


boom 


boom. 


inch 


inch. 


boon 


boon. 


ink 


ink. 


boot 


boot. 


istms 


isthmus. 


doom 


doom. 


itch 


itch. 


food 


food. [ 


oil 118 


oil. 


fool 


fool. 


oint 


oint. 


hoof 


hoof. 


oir 


oyer. 


hook 


hook. 


' boi 


boy. 


hoop 


hoop, whoop. 98, 


boil 


boil. 


hoot 


hoot, whoot. 


doit 


doit. 


loo 


loo. 


foil 


foil. 


loom 


loom. 


hoi 


hoy. 


loop 


loop. 


hoist 


hoist. 


loos 


loose, iC-se. 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 



69 



EXERCISE 


SEVENTH 


[continued.] 




mood 


mood. 


flouns 


flounce. 


moon 


moon. 


found 


found. 


moor 


moor. 


flour 


flour, flower. 


moot 


moot. 


flout 


flout. 


moov 


muve. 


froun 


frown. 


noon 


noon. 


goun 


gown. 


noos 


noose. 


gout 


gout. 


pool 


pool. 


groul 


growl. 


poop 


poop. 


ground 


ground. 


poor 


poor. 


grous 


grouse. 


rood 


rood. 


hou 


how. 


room 124 


room, rheum. 


houl 


howl. 


roost 


roost. 


hound 


hound. 


root 


root. 


hous 


house. 


soon 


soon. 


loud 


loud. 


soop 


sr.up. 124 


loung 


lounge 


soot 


soot. 


lour 


lower. 


sooth 


sooth, soothe. 


lout 


lout. 


too 


too, two. 


mou 


mow. 


tool 


tool. 


mound 


mound. 


toor 


tour. 124 


mount 


mount. 


tooth 


tooth. 


nou 


now. 


woo 


woo. 


noun 


noun. 


udr 126 


udder. 


poudr 


powder. 


illsr 


ulcer. 


pound 


pound. 


umbr 


umber. 


pouns 


pounce. 


unkl 


uncle. 28 


pour 


power. 


upr 


upper. 


pout 


pout. 


iirbn 126 


urban. 


plou 


plough, plow. 


iirchn 92 


urchin. 


prou 


prow. 


urg 


urge. 


proud 


proud. 


iirn 


urn. 


proul 


prowl. 


tishr 95 


usher. 


rou 


row. 


utmst 


utmost. 


round 


round. 


litr 


utter. 


rous 


rouse. 


oul 130 


owl. 


rout 


rout, route. 


out 


out. 


sou 


sow. 


outr 


outer. 


sound 


sound. 


bou 


bough, bow. 


sour 


sour. 


bound 


bound. 


south 96 


south. 


brou 


brow. 


spous 


spouse. 


broun 


brown. 


spout 


spout. 


doun 


down. 


sprout 


sprout. 


dour 


dower. 


stout 


stout. 


doure 


dowry. 113 


toun 


town. 


dous 


dowse. 


tour 


tower. 


dout 


doubt. 25 


trout 


trout. 


droun 


drown. 


vou 


vow. 


foul 


foul, fowl. 


wound 


wound. 



70 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 



APPLICATION OF THE ALPHABETICAL CHARAC- 
TERS WHEN WRITTEN SINGLY. 

131. It will be observed on examination 
of the three subsequent pages, that each of 
the alphabetical characters has been as- 
signed to express a few words of frequent 
occurrence, of which it forms the initial or 
most prom.inent sound ; for instance, b stands 
for be and been ; d for do, does and done ; m 
for am, me, my and 9nay; &c. It will be 
necessary to acquire the utmost familiarity 
with the w^ords thus expressed, so as to be 
able, on hearing any of them spoken, to ap- 
ply the proper character without the least 
hesitation. 

132. It is probable that this application 
of the characters may, at first, strike the stu- 
dent somewhat unfavorably, as being likely 
to produce confusion and render the reading 
of Stenographic manuscript extremely dif- 
ficult: such, however, will not prove to be 
the case, as in deciphering, the context will 
always point out the words they were in- 
tended to express; which the following ex- 
amples will serve to illustrate : 



SCIE^■CE OF STENOGEAPHT. 71 

I.° lions roar. X° birds fly.S shiptS. sailed. 

The The will «/ The JT have 

This book i'' mine, were own this house, 

us vVoulci 

These sheep belong S fs James must loe^ l! 

1 O the us, gone the 

school. ?ou sister ^^ return soon. Content- 

Your will 

ment makes S poor man rich. Death £ but 
-y step they reaches at^ eternity. Expedition 
£ nc^ life Sd soul ^7 business. Chastity, mod- 
esty t^, humility ^ amiable vi^s^ &c. 

PROPER NAMES. 

133. The names of persons, places, &c,, 
must be distinguished from other words by 
having a mark thus n (the grave accent,) 
placed over them. Examples, ^"b^j Milton^ 
^ Pope^ X^Aj Manchester^ "fpu New York, 

134. It will generally be sufficient to write 
the initial or leading sound of any sacred 
term, such as Lord^ God^ Jehovah^ Redeemer^ 
&c., but they must always be distinguished 
by placing a mark thus / (the acute ac- 
cent) over them. Examples, ^ Lord^ ^ 
God^ os Almighty^ &c. 



A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 



EXERCISE VIII. 

The consonants and the words they denote when standing 
alone. 



135 
136 
137 
138 
i 139 
140 
141 
142 
143 
144 
145 
146 
147 
148 
149 
150 
151 
152 
153 
154 
155 
156 
157 
158 
159 
160 



B 


c 


D 


/ 


F' 


e 


F2 


5 


G 


^ 


H> 


r\ 


H^ 


'w' 


J 


^ 


K' 


e\ 


K^ 


e> 


L 


) 


M 


r\ 


N 


\^ 


P 


\ 


a 


1 


R 


^ 


s 


1 


T 


— 


V 


c 


V2 





W' 


C\ 


w^ 


^ 


x> 


^ 


X2 


■^ 


Y 


7 


Z 


/> 



Be, been. 

Do, does, done. 

For, of. 

Front, if. — 

Go, goes, gone. 

Has, hast, have. 

He, had, hadst. 

Judge, just. 

Can, canst, know, knows. 

Could, coiddst. knew, known. 

All, like, likes. 

Am, me my, may. 

In, on, not, no. 

Praise, pray, prayer. 

Quite, quiet, quantity. 

Are, art, or. 

As, is, us. 

To, at, the. 

Very, verily. 

Virtue, virtuous. 

Was, with, will. 

We, were, would. 

Exceed, except. 

Expect, exam^ple. 

Ye, you, your, yours. 

Zeal, zealot, zealous. 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 



73 



EXERCISE IX. 

The vowels and diphthongs, and the words they denote when 
standing alone. 



161 


A' 


1 


162 


A2 


P 


163 


A 


S 


164 


A 


P 


165 


Au' 


On 


166 


Au2 


R 


167 


E' 


Os 


168 




^ 


169 


V 


0- 


170 


h 


Q_ 


171 


Oi> 


o- 


172 


Oi2 


Q- 


173 





c/ 


174 





^ 


175 


Oo' 


C/ 


176 


Go 2 


6 


177 


U 


? 


178 


t 


p 


179 


Ou' 


9 


180 


Ou2 


/O 



A, any. 

Again, against, 

Ahj ay, aye. 

Among, amongst. 

Awe, alway, always. 

Also, although. 

Even, evil, evils. 

Ever, every. 

/, eye, eyes. 

It, its, itself. 

Destroy, destroys. 

Ew^ploy, employs, 

O, oh, owe, only. 

Off, oft, often. 

Whoj whom, whose. 

Other, others, otherwise. 

Usual, usually, usualness. 

Up, upon. 

Hour, hours, hourly. 

Our, ours, ourselves. 



74 



A CO^rPLETE GUIDE TO THE 





EXERCISE TENTH. 


The double consonants, and the words they denote when 
standing alone. 


181 


Ch 


c/ 


Much, such. 


182 
183 
184 

185 


Th 
Wh 


/ 

X 

r 


Shall, shall. 
Shoidd, shouldst. 
Thee, they, that. 
Why, which. 




Marks 


OF Abbreviation, Punctuation, &c. 


186 


. 


An^ and. 


187 
188 
189 
190 


X 


A period. 

Note of interrogation. 
Note of exclamation. 
A colon. 


bJO 


191 


1 


A semicolon. 




192 
193 


5 


A com^m^a. 
A dash. ( — ) 


CO 

< 


194 


555 


A colon and dash. (: — ) 


195 


•1 


Et ccBtera^ ect.^ S^c. 


196 


1- 


Videlicet^ viz., namely. 


197 


•!• 


Id est, i. e., that is. 


198 


-Z 


Ditto. 


199 


-. I- T J. 


Marks of Reference, for marginal 
notes, Sf^c. ♦ 


200 


U 55 


Quotatio7is, must be distinguished 
as in common writing. 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 75 



SPECIMEN I. 



The Lord is s^ood to all. Trust in the Lord 

and do good, hi thee^ O Lord^ do I put my 

/ 

trust. If God be for us who can be against 
?^5? / will sing praise to thy name O thou 

I ? cr- ^ U- \ - ^ ^ o/ "-7^ 

Most High. By the fear of the Lord men 



.^ ^'v-x G^ ~ ^ e - 



^^> 



depart from evil. Turn thou me aiid I 

5AaZZ be turned, for thou ar^ the Lord my 

/ C .Jv , e —7^ (/ - ^ ^ 

Goo?. / T^iZZ praise the name q/" ^Ae Lord. 

Help 2^5 O Z/orc?, our God, for ive rest on 
^-\ 1 0/ 5 ^ ^- , e ^ ^^ ^ 

/Aee. aS(0 5A«ZZ 2^e ever be with the Lord. 

— X y / ^ ^ c c^ - 3x 



76 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 



EXERCISE XI. 

Note. — In order that the student may not be led to make any un- 
necessary movements of the pen, in writing this and some of the sub- 
, sequent exercises, the Author has inserted under each word repre- 
sented by a single character of the Stenographical Alphabet, the 
same printed in Italic, together with the method of spelling those 
words which are not expressed in the manner described. 

As thy days, so shall thy strength be. Hold 
As thi das, so shall thl strngth be. Hold 

thou me up, and I shall be safe. Lord increase 
thou me up, and I shall be sf. Lord n-kres 

our faith. All things are yours. He will keep 
our fath. All thngs are yours. He will kep 

the feet of his saints. Though he slay me, yet 
the fet of hs sants. Th5 he sla me, yt 

will I trust in him. He shall deliver thee from all 
will /trst in hm. He shall dlvr thee from all 

evil. Thou Lord, hast not forsaken them that seek 
evil. Thou Lord, hast not frskn thm that sek 

thee. Show me thy ways, O Lord, teach me thy 
thee. Sho me thi was, O Lord, tech me thi 

paths. Except a man be born again, he can not 
pths. Except a mn be brn again, he can not 

see the kingdom of God. Blessed are the pure in 
se the kngdm of God, Blsd are the pur in 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 77 

heart, for they shall see God. We which have 
hrt, for they shall se God. We 2vhich have 

believed, do enter into rest. If we say that we have 
believed^ do ntr nto rst. If we sa that we have 

not sinned, we make him a liar, and his word is 
npt snd, we mk hm a lir, and hs wrd is 

not in us. Hold that fast which thou hast, that no 
not in us. Hold that fst lohich thou hast^ that no 

man take thy crown. The Lord is my defence, and 
mn tk thi kroun. The Lord is my dfns, and 

my God is the rock of my refuge. In God have I 
my God is the rk of my rfug. In God have I 

put my trust, I will not be afraid what man can do 
pt my trst, / will not be afrad wht mn can do 

unto me. Fight the good fight of faith, lay hold on 
nto me. Fit the gd fit o/fath, la hold o?i 

eternal life. Heal me, O Lord, and I shall be healed ; 
etrnl lif Hel me, OLord^ and I shall be held : 

save me and I shall be saved ; for thou art my praise, 
sv m^ and I shall be svd ; for thou art my praise. 

The meek shall increase their joy in the Lord. The 
The mek shall n-kres thr joi iii the Lord, The 

Lord of hosts is with us, the God of Jacob is our 
Lord of bests is with ns, the God of Jakb is our 

refuge. I wait for the Lord, my soul doth wait and 
rfug. I wht for the Lord, 7ny sijl dth wat and 



78 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

in his word do I hope. My yoke is easy and my 
in hs wrd do /hop. My yok is e-se and my 

burden is light. Fear not for I have redeemed thee ; 
brdn is lit Fer not jfo?^ I have m-dmd thee; 

I have called thee by thy name, thou art mine. So 
I have kauld thee bl thi nm, thou art min. So 

run that ye may obtain. The needy shall not alway 
rn that ye may obtn. The nede shall not alway 

be forgotten. The Lord is my rock, and my fortress, 
he frgtn. The Lord is my rk, and my frtrs, 

and my deliverer. Teach me thy way. O Lord, and 
andm^ydlvn. Tech me thi wa, O Lord, and 

lead me in a plain path. Hide not thy face far from 
led me in a plan pth. Hid 9tot thi fas fr from 

me, put not thy servant away in anger. This God 
me, pt 7iot thi srvnt awa in ngr. Ths God 

is our God, he will be our guide, even unto death. 
is our God, he will be our gid, even nto dth. 

The just shall live by faith. Thy vows are upon 
The just shall Iv bi f ath. Thi vous are upon 

me, O God; I will render praises unto thee ; for 
me, O God; Iioill rndr prass nto thee ; for 

thou hast delivered my soul from death. O bless 
thou hast dlvrd my sol /rom dth. Obis 

our God, ye people, and make the voice of his praise 
our God. 2/e ppl, and mk the vois of hs jjraise 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 79 

to be heard. Come and hear^ all ye that fear God, 
to be hrd . Km and her, all ye that fer God^ 

and I will declare what he hath done for my soul. 
and I will dklv wht hehth done for my sol. 

O God, be not far from me ; O my God, make haste 
O God^ he not fr from me; Omy God^ mk hast 

for my help. Hear my cry, O God, attend unto my 
/or my hip. Her wy kri, O (ro^, atnd nto my 

prayer. Thou hast been a shelter for me, and a 
prayer. Thou hast been a shltr for me, and a 

strong tower from the enemy. Praise ye the Lord, 
strng tour from the nme. Praise ye the Lord^ 

O my soul, and forget not all his benefits. The 
O my sol and frgt 7iot all hs bnfts. The 

Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want. Blessed be 
Lord is my shphrd, / shall not wnt. Blsd be 

God, who hath not turned away my prayer, nor his 
God^ who hth not trnd awa my prayer^ nr hs 

mercy from me. Save thy people, and bless them, 
mrse from me, Sv thi ppl, and bis thm, 

and lift them up for ever. Forsake me not, O Lord ; 
and lit thm up for ever. Frsk me 7iot^ OLord; 

O my God, be not far from me. Be pleased, O Lord, 
O my God^ be not fr from me. Be pi esd, O Lord^ 

to deliver me. Hearken unto the voice of my cry. 
to dlvr me, Hrkn nto the vois of my kri. 



so 



A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 



EXERCISE TWELFTH. 

The consonant characters with a short cross line, and the words 
they denote when standing alone. 



201 


B 


< 


202 


D 


•f- 


203 


F' 


< 


204 


F2 


> 


205 


G 


4- 


206 


H' 


^ 


207 


H^ 


vV 


208 


J 


c+- 


209 


K' 


6K 


210 


K^ 


V 


211 


L 


5- 


212 


M 


A 


213 


N 


V 


214 


P 


\ 


215 


a 


I 


216 


R 


t 


217 


s 


4 


218 


T 


-4- 


219 


V« 


^ 


220 


V2 


> 


221 


W' 


d^ 


222 


w^ 


V 


223 


x> 


■^ 


224 


x^ 


V 


225 


Y 


^ 


226 


iZ 


-v^ 



■Between^ betwixt. 
Divide -d-er-ing-division, 6^c. 
Facetious -ly^ facetiousness. 
Father J fatherly. 
Glory ^ glorious-ly- glorify -cation. 
Heaven.^ heavenly.^ heavenward, 
Holy^ holily^ holiness. 
Judicatory^ judicature^ judiciary. 
Knowledge^ knowings knoioingly. 
Acknowledge -d-ing-inent. 
Love^ loved, lover, loves, loving. 
Might -ily-ness, mighty. 
Natural -ly-ize-izing-ization. 
Peace -able-ableness-ahly-ful, (Sf*c. 
Question -able-ary-ed-er. 
Rational -e-ist-ity-ly. 
Spirit -ed, spiritual-ly-ity-ize. 
Testify -ed-er-cation, testimony. 
Valid, validity, validly. 
Viciate -d-ing, vitiate, vitiation. 
Workman 4ike-ly-ship, (S^c. 
Worship -ed-er-ful-fully-ing. 
Exaggerate, exaggeration, (^c. 
Executive, executor-ship-y, (^c. 
Young -er-est-ish-ling-ly-ster. 
Zodiac, zodiacal. 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 



81 



EXERCISE THIRTEENTH. 

The vowel and diphthongal characters with a short cross line, 
and the words they denote when standing alone. 



227 


A' 


% 


228 


A2 


^ 


229 


A 


% 


230 


A 


-P 


231 


An' 


^ 


232 


Au2 


^ 


233 


E 


^ 


234 


E 


s. 


235 


I 


c-l- 


236 


I 


»4- 


237 


Oi' 


<^ 


238 


Oi = 


CH- 


239 





^ 


240 





^ 


241 


Oo' 


c/ 


242 


Oo^ 


^ 


243 


u 


^ 


244 


u 


^ 


245 


Ou> 


? 


246 


Ou2 


■P 



Alien -ability-ahle-ate-ation^ 6^c, 
Agency^ agent^ agentship, 
Alt em -ate-ately-ation-ative^ (^*c. 
Accept -able-ance-ation-ed-er-ing 
Auspice, auspicious-ly-nesSj (^*c. 
Author-ity-itative-ize-izationjS^c, 
Equivocal -ly-ness-equivocate, Sfc. 
Especial, especially* 
Irascibility, irascible-ness. 
Immediate, immediately. 

Appoint -able-ance-ed-er-ing, 
Avoid-able-ance-ed-er-ing. 
Origin-al-ally-ality-ate-ation, 
Official-ly, officiate, officious-ly. 
Whomsoever, whosoever. 
Ooze, oozed, oozing, oozy. 
Universe, universal-ly-ity, 6^c. 
Upright, uprightly, uprightness. 
Outlaio, outlawing, outlaiolery. 
Outrage -ous-ously-ousness. 



S2 



A COMPLETE GLTICE TO THE 



EXERCISE FOURTEENTH. 

Natural Contractions for words and parts of sentences of frequent 
occurrence, whichj like the preceding Arbitrary Signs, may be 
used or not, as the writer thinks proper. 



247 
248 
249 
250 
251 
252 
253 
254 
255 

256 
257 

258 
259 
260 
261 
262 
263 
264 
265 
266 
267 
268 
269 



a Alone. 
a_ Along. 
P About. 
^ Aroimd. 

o One, ones, once. 

oo I One after the other. 

8 One upon another. 

-" Over, o'er. 

"^ Under. 

-° Above. 

~o Below, beneath. 

\- Fore, foremost. 

-\ After, aftermost. 

i. Before, before-hand. 

< Behind, behind-hand. 

Q Belief, believe, -d, -ing, s. 

~) Large, let, long. 
fiT~N Within. 
rS Without. 

1 1 Together. 
Altogether. 

Equal, equally, equality. 
Unequal, -ly, -ness, inequality. 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 



83 





EXERCISE FOURTEENTH. 


j 




[C ONTINUED.] 


270 


> 


Major ^ majority. 


271 


<, 


Minor ^ minority. 


272 


r 


Angle^ angular^ -ity^ -ness. 


273 


A 


Triangle^ triangular. 


274 


X 


Contrary^ contrariety^ d^c. 


275 





Nothing, nobody. 


276 





Soinetfiing, somebody. 


277 


9 


Through. 


278 


^ 


Throughout. 


279 


CD 


Earth, earthly, earthliness. 


280 


O 


World, worldly, worldliness. 


281 


G 


The beginning of the world. 


282 


9 


The end of the loorld. 


,283 


© 


In the world. 


284 


6 


The eyes of the world. 


285 


6 


Upon the world. 


286 





High or up in the world. 


287 


© 


Low or down in the world. 


288 


-e 


Enterifig or coming into the world. 


289 


o- 


Leaving or going out of the world. 


290 


© 


Through the world. 


291 


o 


The foundation of the tvorld. 


292 


® 


Christ came into the world. 


293 


/ 


Christ, Chrisfs. 


294 


Christian, Christianity. 


295 


X 


Crucify, crucifix, crucifixion. 


l296 

1 


$ 


Sacrifice, -d, -r, 6^c. 



84 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

REPETITION OF WORDS AND SENTENCES, 

297. A dash thus drawn under a 

word or sentence^ denotes an immediate 
repetition of the same. Examples, 3 Lord, 

Lord. --^ ^ Turn ye^ tum-ye. ^ ^ ~ ^ >^ 

Praise ye the Lord. Praise-ye-the-Lord, &c. 

298. When a word is repeated three 
times, write it once by its proper character 
or characters, then draw two dashes imme- 
diately under the same, as in the following 
examples. 1:^ Glory ^ glory, glory, v^y Holy^ 

holy, holy, &C. 

299. When a preposition or conjunction 
intervences, the repetition together with the 
preposition or conjunction is denoted by 

placing a mark thus ^ under the w^ord 

so repeated. Examples, \_, Ejver and-ever. 
~ ^^ Tke Lord of-iords, &c. 

300. If part of a sentence is to be repeat- 
ed after something else has occurred, make 

a mark thus c under the words to be 

repeated, and place a caret (a) w^here they 
must be read again; as w ^ Qt q- \ ^ r^> 

^ — p f^ ^ In God will I praise his word, 

in the Lord will-I-praise-hls-word. 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 85 

WORDS OF CONTRARY SIGNIFICATION. 

301. An oblique line thus , / when placed 
immediately after a word, expresses an- 
other word of opposite meaning preceded 
by and^ to^ or till^ as in the following ex- 
amples. V/ Good and-bad, ^/ Day and-night, 

S) 3 — / From light tcdark. 3 r\^j/ From 
morn tiii-night, cfi:c. 

302. An oblique line, with a curve to the 
right, thus /" is used to express a word of 
opposite meaning, joined with the former 
by the conjunction or. Examples, r^f High 

or-low ; y/ Rich or-poor, &C. 

303. When a word is followed by an- 
other of contrary signification without a 
preposition or conjunction intervening, write 
the first word in the usual way, then ex- 
press the antithesis by a mark thus / as in 
the following examples, "^^Z . ^/^ Men, 
women, and chUdvcn ; Life^ death, and eternity. 

304. The negative particles, rfis, i/, im, 
in^ ir^ un, &c., may be represented by an 
oblique line placed before the remainder of 
the word. Examples, /^^'^ rfzs- member ; 
/lyL_ dis- trust ; /^ uneven ; /v un- 
natural, -ly ; /\l ^^^-^xpressed, &c. 



86 



A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 



EXERCISE FIFTEENTH. 

Examples for the Learner's practice. 



Lord, Lord. 297 
My God. My-God. 
My Father. My -Father. 
Turn ye, turn-ye. 
Verily, 133 verily. 
Welcome, loelcoine. 
Hark! Hark! 
Hush! Hush! 
Glory, 205 g-lory, -glory. 29S 
Holy, 207 holy, -holy. 
Amen, and- Amen. 299 
Again, 162 and-again. 
Ever 168 and-ever. 
By and-by. 
Better and-better. 
Worse and-ioorse. 
More and-more. 
Less and-less. 
Round and-round. 
Longer and-longer. 
Shorter and-shorter. 
Broader and-broader. 
Larger and-larger. 
Higher and-higher. 
Lower and-loioer. 
Harder and-harder. 
Softer and-softer. 
Darker and-darker. 
Lighter and-lighter. 
Farther and.-farther. 
Nearer and-nearer. 
I Richer and-richer. 
Poorer and-poorer. 
The God of-gods. 
The Lord of-lords. 
The King of-kings. 
For ever 168 and-ever. 
From hour 179 to-hour. 
From day to-day. 
From week to-ioeek. 
From month to-?nonth. 
From year toyear. 
From time to-time. 
From town totoivn. 
From place to-place. 
From sport to-sport. 
From guest to-guest. 
From face to-face. 
From hand to-hand. 
From mouth to-mouth. 



Heaven 206 and-earth. 301 

Earth 279 and-heaven. 

Day and-night. 

Light and dark. 

Life and-death. 

Old and-young. 

Young and- old. 

Rich and-pooT. 

High and-low. 

Long and-short. 

Thick and- thin. 

Far and-near. 

To and-fro. 

Top and-bottom. 

Up and-doion. 
Here and-there. 

Summer and-winter. 

Certain and- uncertain. 
Father 204 and-mother. 

Brother and-sister. 
Lady and- gentleman. 

Men and-ioomen. 

A man and-a-woman. 

The just and-the-unjust. 

From east to-ioest. 

From north to-south. 

From one to-another. 

Good or-bad. 302 

Light or-dark. 

Fine or-coarse. 

Long or-short. 

Strength or-ioeakness. 

Truth or-falsehood. 

Known or-unknoion. 

This or-that. 

These or-those. 

Better or-worse. 

Well or-«Z. 

High or -low. 

Rich or-poor. 

Boy ur-girl. 

Land or-water. 

Over 254 or-under. 

Above 256 or-beloio. 

Behind 261 or-before. 

Within 264 or-ioithout. 

Old or-young. 

Young or- old. 

Men or-ivomen. 

Ladies or-gentlemen. 



Dis-Sigree. 304 

Dis allow. 

Dis-annul. 

D is- array. 

-Dis-believe. 

Dzs-embark. 

Dz«-honor. 

Dzs-mount. 

Dw-member. 

JZ-legal: 

IMiberal. 

IMicit. 

Im-moderate. 

Iw-moral. 

Im- mortal. 

Iwz-polite. 

I??z-pure. 

In-attentive. 

I?z-disposed. 

In-human. 
Ir- regular. 
Ir-religion, 

Ir-resolute. 

I7n-aliered. 

U>t-awed. 

U»-bent. 

f7>i-blest. 

C7re-born. 

CTw-buckle. 

l/M-burden. 

L'^n-caught. 

Uw- certain. 

?7w-changed. 

Un-civil. 

Uw-clasp. 

iJw-easy. 

Uw-fair. 

I7n-fit. 

L"w-fixed. 

t7n- furnished. 

l/n-just. 
I Un-kind. 

LTn- known. 
I L^'n-learned. 

(7M-married.- 

Un-safe. 
I L^n-seen. 
j L'n-sold. 
I t7n-told. 
I l/n-worthy. 



SCIENCE OF STENOGKAPHY. S7 

EXERCISE SIXTEENTH. 

FOR TKE learner's PRACTICE. 

Note. — Those words which are printed in small capitals, are ex- 
pressed by Arbitrary signs and Natural contractions, introduced in the 
12th, 13th and 14th Exercises. Those printed in smaiuype, must be 
written agreeable to the directions given in the remarks to which the 
numbers annexed refer. With regard to the rest, see note at the com- 
mencement of Exercise Eleventh. 

O Lord^ our Lord, how excellent is thy name in 
O Lordj our Lord^ hou xlnt is thi nm in 

all the earth! who hast set thy glory above 
all the earth! ivho^"^^ hast st thi glory^^^ above 

the heavens. Through thee will we push down 
the HEAVENS. THRouGH^Aee will we psh doun 

our enemies : through thy name will we tread 
our nmes : through thi nm loill ive trd 

them under that rise up against us. Be still, and 
thm UNDER that ris up against us. Be stl, onrf 

know that I am God: I will be exalted among the 
know that lam God: I will be xltd among the 

heathen. Create in me a clean heart, O God : and 
hethn. Kreat iri me a klen hrt, O God: and 

renew a right spirit within me. O Lord open 
re-nti a rit spirit within me. O Lord opn 

thou my lips ; and my mouth shall show forth thy 
thou my Ips ; and my mouth shall sho forth thi 

praise. Be thou exalted, O God, above the 
praise. Be thou xltd, O God^ above the 



83 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

heavens ; let thy glory be above all the earth. 
heavens; let thi glory be above all the earth. 

Deliver me from mine enemies, O my God : defend 
Dlvr me from mm nmes, O my God : dfnd 

me from them that rise up against me. 
me from thm that rls tip against me. 

My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me. 
My Godj my-God, 297 whi hast thou frsl^n me. 

Praise ye the Lord : praise ye the Lord from the 
Praise ye the Lord : praise.ye-the-Lord297 from the 

heavens; praise him in the heights. Peace, 
heavens ; praise hm in the hits. PeacEj 

peace, to him that is far off, and to him that is 
peace, 297 ^q hm that is fv off^ and to hm that is 

near, saith the Lord, and 1 will heal him. I will 
ner, sth the Lord^ and I toill hel hm. I will 

extol thee my God, O King ; and I will bless thy 
xtl thee my God, O Kng ; and I loill bis thi 

name for ever and ever. Every day will I bless 
nm for ever and-ever 299 Every da will I bis 

thee, and I will praise thy name for ever and ever. 
thee J and 1 2oill praise thi nm forever and.ever.299 

I will yet praise thee more and more. This God 
I will yt praise thee mor and-mor. 299 Ths God 

is our God for ever and ever. He will be our 

is our God for ever and-ever. 299 JJ[q i^ill 5g Qiif 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 89 

guide, even unto death. I will give thanks unto 
gld. even nto dth. Iwill gv thnks nto 

thy name for ever and ever. Thy throne, O God, 
thi nm for ever and.ever.299 Thi thron, O God, 

is for ever and ever ; the sceptre of thy kingdom 
is for ever and-ever;299 jf^e sptr of thi kngdm 

is a right sceptre. The Lord will bless them that 
is a rit sptr. The Lord will bis thm that 

fear him both small and great. Our help is in 
fer hm bth smaul and-great. 301 Our hip is in 

the name of the Lord, who made heaven and earth. 
the nm of the Lord^ who mad heaven and-earth. 3oi 

Let them praise the name of the Lord ; for his 
het thm praise the nm of the Lord ; for lis 

name alone is excellent, his glory is above tlie 
nm ALONE is xlnt, hs glory is above ^Ae 

earth and heaven. My delight is in the law 

EARTH and-heavens. 301 ]\^y dlit is itl the laU 

of the Lord, and in his law do I meditate day and 
of the Lord, and in hs lau do I mditat da and- 

night. When my father and my mother forsake 

night.SOl Whn my Father and-my-mother 301 frsk 

me, then will the Lord take me up. 
me, thn will the Lord tak me up. 



90 A COiMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

OF PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES * 

305. The Learner having been led by 
progressive exercises, from the simple char- 
acters, to the writing of plain Scripture 
sentences, it will be necessary to turn the 
attention to the Prefixes and Saftxes^ or 
what are more generally termed in the lan- 
guage of Stenographers, Pi^epositions and 
Terminations^ which are of great import- 
ance in the brevity and legibility of short- 
hand. The readiest mode of designating 
these is, in some cases, to use simple arbi- 
trary signs, and in others, the letters of the 
stenographic alphabet, with certain points 
to be explained hereafter. 

PREPOSITIONS AND TERIinNATIONS EXPRESSED BY ARBITRARY SIGNS. 

306. A small circle thus ^ when placed 
immediately over any word, denotes the 
preposition over^ as in <i^ oi?er-come, ^ 
o^;er-take, &c. 

307. The same character when placed 
under a word, denotes the preposition under ^ 
as in ^ under-gOj "^ under-take, &c. 

308. Ingj forming a distinct syllable at 

* The prefixes and suffixes, or prepositions and terminations, here 
referred to, are such beginnings and endings of long words as have 
been selected to suit the convenience of short hand without regard 
to their derivation. 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 91 

the end of a word, is represented by adding 
a small loop to the right ^ of the last point 
in the preceding character, as in the follow- 
ing examples: c^ Aj-ing^ nM' morn-mg', 
"^pass-mg-, &c. 

309. When dan^ cioUj sion, tion^ ceouSj 
ciouSj or tious occm^s at the end of a w ord, 
it is expressed by adding a small loop to 
the last point of the preceding character; 
in all cases placing it on the left side of the 
line,^ as in the following examples, ^ na- 
tiofij ^ mo-tioUj ^ exemp-^ion, _4 gra- 
cioiis, "^ tensi'cious^ &c. 

310. Cision^ siciaUj sition^ are expressed 
by adding a loop twice the size of that used 
for sion^ tion, &c. to the last point of the 
preceding character — and which may be 
placed on the left side of the line, as in the 
following examples ^ de-cisioii^ o^ mu- 
siciarij ^p position, , &c. 

311. OuSj ously, and ousnesSj at the end 
of such words as desirous, piously, ^eiious- 
ness, &c., must be expressed by adding a 
loop twice the size of that used for ing to 
the last point of the preceding character ; in 

* Note. — In horizontal characters, the bottom is to be considered 
the right hand side, and the top the left. 



92 A C03IPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

all cases turning it on the right side of the 
line as in the following examples; *^-yjo gen- 
ei-ouSj gener-ously^ genei-ousness, Vo ip^-ouSj 
pi-oiisly^ &c. 

312. The terminations self Rud selves, may 
be expressed by drawing a short s from the 
centre of the characters representing the 
pronouns^ using the first h for her, and the 
second for him. Examples, 7 mj-self 
r\ herself "^y himself &c. 

313. The terminations ship and ships, 
must also be expressed by drawing a short 
perpendicular line for s under the characters 
which may precede, as in the following 
examples. "^-^ 3iUthoY-ship,-^ Mend-ship, 
&c. 

PREPOSITIONS A.ND TEEMINATIONS EXPRESSED BY ALPHABETICAL 
CHARACTERS. 

314. When a character of the steno- 
grapic alphabet is intended to represent a 
preposition, it must be distinguished by hav- 
ing a comma placed under it, as in the fol- 
lowing examples. ^ co7n-pass, yt/ trans- 

fer, &c. 

315. When a character of the steno- 
graphic alphabet is intended to represent a 
termination, it must be distinguished by 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 93 

having a period placed under it; as in the 
following examples. ^ en-ac^, A de-mand^ 
-V to-war d, &c. 

316. When the first character of a word 
is intended to represent a preposition^ and 
the last a termination^ a single point must 
be placed over the word, instead of insert- 
ing a comma and a period beneath ; as in 
the following examples : -^ agree-ment^ 
^ inter-^O'Sition^ v/ pro-mo-tion, -^ 
tr^ans-forrrij &c. 

317. When a learner has occasion to ex- 
press in short-hand, a word containing two 
of such terminations as have been selected j 
the first must be spelt according to its sound , 
and the last denoted by its usual markj 
placing the period as in the preceding rules. 
Examples: ^^""^^ com-mRnd-ment, sV^ 
com-menc-m^, /y demand-m^, &c. 

118. When the termination of a word 
may be expressed by any of the before- 
mentioned characters, the plural and the 
possessive case are formed by converting 
the point into a short perpendicular stroke, 
as in the following examples. ^ nsL-tions, 
na-iion^s ; L-o sentiments, -j^ transgres- 
sions &c. 



94 



A COMl'LETE GUIDE TO THE 



EXERCISE SEVENTEENTH. 

Prepositions represented by Alphabetical Charactsrs. 



1 
P 

P 
/ 

e 

a— 






^ 



a&, abbre, abro, abso, 
advan, advert, adver, advo, 
alle, alii, alio, allu. 
apper, appre, appro, 
discom, discon, disen, disin, 
elec, elect, equi, equiv. 
effi, esti, evi, ever, 
affec, affect, affirm, affix, 
afflic, afflict, affiu, effec, 
aggra, aggre, agree, agri. 
hepta, hyper, hyster. 
hetero, hydro, hypo, 
imper, impre, impro, 
incom, incon, incor. 
com, compre, compri, compro. 
con, contra, contro, counter, 
magni, miscon, misin, multi. 
enter, inter, intro, intru. 
ob, obli, obsti, omni, orni, 
obso, octo, oppro, ortho. 
per, pre, pri, 'pro, pur. 
recom, recon, repre, repro, 
sub, subter, sup, super, 
temp, tempt, tran, trans, 
exer, extir, extra, expli. 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 



95 



EXERCISE EIGHTEENTH. 


Tekminations represented by Alphabetical Characters. 


344 


P 1 


act,4y, cilly^ ance, ancy^ ant, antly. 


345 


c 


hie, hied, hleness, hly, hility. 


346 


/ 


dance, daiit, dence, dent, diet, duct. 


347 


^ <^ 


ence, ency, ent, ently, est, etJi, ever. 


348 


e s) 


feet, fleet, flict, form, ful, fully. 


349 


c- 


grance, grant, graph, 4c, guish. 


350 


r^"^ 


hahit, hihit, hend, hensive, hood. 


351 


^ 0- 


ify, ity, ety, ical, -ly, ish, ism, ist. 


352 


c- 


ject, jest, join, journ, judge, just. 


353 


e\ QJ 


claim, dine, elude, elusive, count. 


354 


:) 


ly, liness, lect, less, lessly, logic. 


355 


rN 


mand, mend, mence, ment, mental. 


356 


\-^ 


nance, nant, nence, nent, nect, ness. 


357 


4 ^ 


ody, ogy, oly, omy, ony, opy, ory. 


358 


\ 


place, plete, plex, plish, prove. 


359 


1 


quence, quent, -ly, quest, quish, 


360 


<^ 


racy, ract, rect, ranee, rant, rupt. 


361 


\ 


scrihe, script, spect, struct, suade. 


362 


— 


tinct, tract, trict, trude, tude, tute. 


363 


CD 


vail, vict, vive, voke, volve. 


364 


^^ 


ward, wards, warder, wardeth. 


365 


y 


sier, zier, sure, surely, zure. 


366 


y 


tual, tually, ture, teous, tuous, -ly. 


367 


/ 


cience, science, tience, cient, tient. 


368 

i 


\ 


cial, sial, tial, -ly, date, tiate, -ion. 



96 



A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 



1 EXERCISE NINETEENTH. 






EXAMPLES FOR THE LEARNER's PRACTICE. 






j oz?fir-awe306,165 


aid-ing 308 


glid-ing 


oil-ing 






i over-hesiT 


ail-mg' 


glow-ing 


ow-ing 






1 oyer bid 


air-ing 


go- ing 


own-ing 






1 oyff7"-blow 


bsink-ing 


grow-ing 


paint-ing 






1 over-bosLtd 


bast-mg 


guid ing 


past-mg" 






1 oy er-burden 


beam- ing 


hail-ing 


pip-i^g' 






j over-cast 28 


heating 


halt-ing 


plat mg^ 






; over-charge 92 


hit-ing 


heaT-ing 


play-ing 






i oyer-come 28 


blast ing 


heat-mg 


point-ing 






over-draw 


blend-mg" 


herr-mg- 


post-ing 






' over-flow 


hless-ing 


hew-wg- 


pound-mg" 






ouer-grow 


hoast-ing 


hid-mg 


pour-mg" 






; over-hang 


b\iy-ing 


hiss-m^ 


pray-mg" 






over-hear 


cadl-ing 


hoard-mg- 


prais-mg" 






over-heat 


carding 


hon-mg- 


print-wg" 






oye'-'joyed 


cas-i?ig 


hop-zng' 


rail-mg" 






over-lay 


cast-ing 


howl-mg 


read-mg' 






' ove7--load 


clear-ing 


itch-ing 


rear-mg- 






over-look 


closing 


jarr -ing 


roast-zng" 






over-pay 


coast- mg" 


iaant-ing 


sailing 






over-power 


dar-mg- 


jeer-ing 


see-ing 






, over- reach 


dawn-mg- 


jest- ing 


sigh-ing 






: over-rule 


dia-ing 


join-ing 


smil-ing 






over-run 

over-see 
over- sight 38 


60S 


keep-ing 

lac-ing 

lad-ing 


smok-ing 

soil-ing 

steei-ing 






over-sleep 


dress-mg' 


last- mg- 


snit-ing 






over- stock 


dwell-zng' 


laugh-2wg' 


tast- ing 






over-sway 


earn-wg" 


lay-mg' 
lead- mg" 


taunt-wg" 






over-take 


eat-mg- 


leas-m^ 






over- taken 


ebb-mg- 


lean-iwg" 
learn- mg" 
leas- mg" 
leav-mg" 


tend-ing 






over-throw 


end-mg" 


test-ing 






overturn 
' over- whelm 97 


err-mg" 
etch-ing 


tii-ing 
toiling 






under-hid 306 
M^fier-foot 
under-go 
under- grown 
unde7'-ha.nd 


fad-ing 
fail-ing 
faint- ing 


lin-mg" 

lisp-mg" 

load-mg" 


toll-ing 
tam-inff 
mg-ing 




_ 


fall-ing 
fear-ing 


long-m^ 

ly-mg- 


vaunt- mg' 
yerg-ing 






: under-la.y 
• under-mine 
] under-raXe 


feast-ing 
feed-ing 
feel-ing 


march- zng' 
mean-mg" 
meet-mg" 


view-ing 
vot- ing 
wait-ing 






undersell 


^ght-ing 


min-mg' 


walk- ing 






under-sta.nd 


fir-mg- 


mix-mg' 


want-ing 






understood 


float-ing 


mop-wg' 


wast-ing 






under-take 


How- ing 


mow -ing 


wiping 






under-iaiker 


foam-ing 


nail-ing 


yawn-ing 






under-vadiie 


gam-ing 


noising 


yearning 






1 wncfer- went 


giv-ing 


not-ing 


yelling 






. wncfer-writer 


glax-ing 


nuYS-ing 


yield- ing 


mUmam 





SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 



97 



EXERCISE NINETEENTH. | 




[continued.] 1 


auction 309 


falla ciows 


musician 310 


myself S12 


^didi-tion 


gra-cious 


physician 


thyself 


admis-szow 


heiha- ceous 


de cision 


herself 


ambi -Hon, -tious 


hesita-tion 


in-cision, insiti'On 


himself 


diSCQn-sion 


impression 


re-cision 


itself 


asser-^^o?^ 


ic^ersion 


position 


ourselves 


assump-Z«o/i 


in ten sion, -tion 


deposition 


yourselves 


aXien-tion 


invasion 


disposition 


themselves 


dAxo-cious 


invitation 


exposition 


admiral-ship 313 


^\xc-tion 


inven-tion 


imposition 


authorship 


auda-czotts 


inversion 


opposition 


hutlership 


aver-sio?\ 


iudi-cious 


supposition 


captain-ship 


1 benedic-rion 


licen-tious 


inquisition 


clerk- ship 


! capa-ciows 


malicious 


requisition 


consulship 


; capri-czoMS 


mansion,men-tion 


amorous, &e., 311 


courtship 
deaconship 


cap fi9/i, -tious 


medita-tion 


ardu-ous -ly, -ness 


carna-^zcin 


mission 


harhar-ous-ly,-ness 


editorship 


; cau -riow, -tious 


mo-tion 


heaute-ous-ly,-ness 


eldership 


\ cesaa-tion 


na-tion 


hounte-ously,-ness 


factorship 


; cession, scis-sion 


no-tion 


cancer- ous 


fellowship 


\ cohesion 


occasion 


, copi-ows -ly,- ness 


friendship 


1 corro-szow 


oppression 


cur i- ous ly, -ness 


generalship 


i decep-tion 


opti- cian 


danger- ous'ly,-ness 


guardianship 


dehision 


ora- tion 


desir- ous 


hard- ship 


denti Zio?i 


parti-iion 


devious 


head ship 


depression 


pas sion 


duti- ous 


heirship 


deset Hon 


pension 


furious -ly, -ness 


horsemanship 


detec-tion 


petition 


gener-ous -ly, -ness 


judgeship 


deten-tion 


possession 


hAde-ous -ly, -ness 


king ship 


dewo-tion 


potion 


humor-ows -ly,-ness 


lady -ship 


diC'tion 


redemption 67 


ingeni-ous -ly, -ness 


legate-ship 


delicious 


rela-tion 


invidi-o?^s -ly, -ness 


lord-ship 


dimension 


remission 


marvel-ous -ly,-ness 


mastership 


diwersion ■ 


repulsion 


melodi OMs -ly, &c. 


member- ship 


division 


resump-tion 


nerv-ous -ly, -ness 


mercer- ship 


i donation 


reten- tion 


numerous -ly, &c. 


ownership 


edi-tion 


reversion 


ohvi-ous -ly, -ness 


partner- ship 


emersion 


revision 


odi-ous -ly, -ness 


rector-ship 


emission 


saga- cious 


pi- ous -ly 


rez^-nr- ship 


emo-tion 


sala-cious 


plente-otts -ly,-ness 


register-ship 


emsion 


salva-tion 


religi- ous -ly 


relation-ship 


excmsion 


sedi -tion, -tious 


rigor- ous -ly, -ness 


rogue-ship 


exemp-tion 


spa- cious 


seri ous -ly, -ness 


seamanship 


exei-tion 


suspi-cion, -cious 


studi-0M5 ly, -ness 


senator-ship 


expansion 


tena-cious 


tedi-otis -ly, -ness 


sergeant-ship 


expedi -tion, -tious 


termina-tiofi 


timor-ous -ly, -ness 


son-ship 


explosion 


venera- tion 


ulcer-ous -7iess 


surxeyorship 


expression 


vexa -tion, -tious 


venom-ous -hj, &c. 


vicar-ship 


expulsion 


vina-ceous 


vigorous -ly, -ness 


ward ship 


extortion 


voca-tion 


wonder-ous -ly 


warden-ship 



its A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

EXERCISE TWENTIETH. 

FOR THE learner's PRACTICE. 

Thou hast been my help, leave me not^ neither 
forsake me. O God of my salva-^iow. Let thy 
mercy, O Lord^ he upon its, accord-in^ as we 
hope in thee. The Lord is my strength and song. 
and he is become m^y salva-^^o?^. The fear of the 
Lord is the beginn-i;z^ of wisdom. The Lord is 
iny ^oi-tion, saith my soul ; therefore vjill /hope 
in him. I will look unto the Lord, I will wait for 
the God of my salva-^io?ij m^y God loill hear me. 
The Lord is my light and my salva-^io/i, whom. 
shall I fear? God is my salYa-tion and my 
GLORY ; the rock of my strength is in God. Let 
your nxioA-QY^-tion be known unto all m^en. Let 
us not be weary in well doing. All the ends of 
the EARTH shall see the salva-^^07^ of our God. 
He only is my rock and my salYa-tion. Thou 
art my refuge and my ipor-tion. Show its thy 
inercy, O Lord, and grant us thy salva-^io?i. Sing 
unto the Lord, bless his name, show forth his sal- 
va-tion froTU day to-day. O Lord God of my salva- 
tion, I have cried day and-uight before thee. I will 
take the cup of s3\Y3.-tion and call upo?i the name 
of the Lord. I will walk before the Lord in the 
land of the liY-ing. Fiecious in the sight of the 
Lord is the death of his saints. O praise the Lord, 
all ye xidL-tions ; praise him all ye people. My 
heart is fixed. O God, my-hean-is-fixed ; ^os I icill sing 
and give praise even with my glory. 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAFHT. 99 

EXERCISE TWENTY-FIRST. 

FOR THE learner's PRACTICE. 

HERE THEN WE PART FOR EVER. 

Here then we part for ever^ — 1^3 

Dear though thou once^^i might^^^ be^ 
Iiooiild not now endeavor 

To win oNE^^i sigh fro7n thee. 
Few eyes may shine so bright as thine, 

Few brows 7nay be so fair. 
But eye nor brow can move me now 

For truth is wmit-ing there. 
Here then we part for ever — 1^3 

Dear though thou once^si might^i^ be^ 
I would not now endeavor 

To win oNE^si sigh from thee. 

The rose when it is blighted. 

Lies wither-m^ from that hour^^ 
And the fond heart when slio;hted. 

Will wither like the flower. 
No AFTER sun that beams upoii 

That rose, can bloom impart ; 
No AFTER257 love^i^ Can e'er 102 re-mo ve^T' 

The canker fro7n that heart. 
Here then we part for ever — ^93 

Dear though thou once^^i might^is be, 
I would not now endeavor 

To win oNE^^i sigh fro7n thee. 

Robert Sweeny. 



100 



A C05IPLETE GUIDE TO THE 



EXERCISE TWENTY-SECOND. 

EXAIVIPLES FOR THE LEARNES-'S PRACTICE. 



oMie-xidile 3U 

abro-g&te 

abso-hite 

advan-tsige 

adve?'-tise 

advo-cate 

(zWe-viata 

allegdite 

allo-dium 

allu-xet 

allu- sive 

allu-Vmm 

allu-vion 

apper-i&in 

appro ha.te 

appro Tpxi'dte 

discommode 

disco7n- pose 

discon-ceii 

discon-solhie 

discon-tent 

discon-tinne 

disen gage 

disen-t?ing\e 

disin-tei 

dism- thrall 

elec-iive 

elec-toT 

equi-disiSint 

equi-poise 

equi-page 

equiv-oca.\ 

equip-ocaXe 

affec-ted 

affirm-dXiye 

afflic-ied 

aggra-vaXe 

aggre gate 

agri-cvdtme 

agri-many 

hyper-hole 

hyper-cniic 

hyster-icsd 

hydro-gen 

hydro-me\ 

hydro-phane 

hydro-phohia. 

hypo-cnticaA 

imper-aXhe 

inco?nmode 



incom-pact 

incom-petent 

incon-stBint 

incor-pora] 

co?n-h&t 

C07n-hine 

cam-fort 

corn-port 

C07n-merce 

conim\t 

corn-mode 

co^n-mune 

compact 

c^?;i-pany 

com pare 

C07?2- pass 

com- pel 

com- ply 

eo??i-pile 

co??2-pose 

cow- press 

co??2-pute 

C07Z- cave 

cow- ceal 

cow-ceit 

cow-corn 

concise 

cow- cord 

cow-cur 

cow-demn 

cow-dense 

cow- dole 

cow-fer 

cow-fess 

cow- fine 

con-firm 

cow-fuse 

cow- fate 

cow-geal 

cow-nive 

cow-serve 

eow-sider 

cow-sign 

cow-sist 

cow-sole 

cow-spire 

cow-suit 

cow-tain 

C9?i-temn 

co;z-tempt 



cow-tent 
cow-te&t 
cow-text 
cow- tinue 
magni-iy 
magni-h&x 
m,iscon-ceive 
miscon stme 
misin-fei 
7nuHl-p\y 
muUi-p'^ex 
enter-pxise 
enter-tam 
inier-cept 
inter-cessGT 
m?«sr- change 
inier-fexe 
inter-lace 
inter \eare 
inter-]ine 
inter-link 
interlope 
inter lude 
inter maxxy 
?w?6r-meddle 
i???er-mingle 
inter mil 
inter-m\x 
inter-pose 
intersect 
inter-space 
inter-\a\ 
inter vexie 
inter-view 
oisti-nate 
oppor-txine 
oppro-\sriu.m 
per-chauce 
per-mit 
per-va.de 
pre-iace 
pr e-fer 
pre-^x 
preserve 
pre-tend 
pre-tence 
pretext 
I ?5re-vail 
! pre- vent 
I pri-\ale 



pro-cute 

produce 

pro-fane 

pro-fcs3 

jjro-gress 

pro long 

pro-mote 

pro- voke 

pwr-sue 

pw?'-suit 

ptir-vey 

recom-hine 

reco?nmit 

reco77i-pact 

recont-pense 

reco7n-pose 

recon-ci\e 

reconsider 

recon-yene 

recon-yey 

represent 

reprobate 

repro-duce 

s?/6 lime 

5M6-mit 

suhter-fuge 

subter ranean 

swp-ply 

sup- port 

super-aidd 

supercaxgo 

swper-fine 

swperlative 

temp-ex 

temp-oxal 

tran-quil 

trans- cend 

trans-fex 

trans-fix 

trans-fuse 

trans gr ess 

translate 

transmit 

trans-mute 

trans-pire 

transport 

trans-pose 

exer-cise 

extir-pate 

explicate 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 



101 



! EXERCISE TWENTY-THIRD. 


1 EXAMPLES EOR THE LEARNER's PRACTICE. 


en-act 


vm-dence, dent 


geo -graphic, -graphy 


ex-act 


Biu-dent 


para-graph 


react 


tri-dent 


tele -graph, -graphic 


Accoid-ance 


ver-dant 


an-guish 


appearance 


audi-ence 


disXin-guish 


hsA-ance 


defer-ence, differ- e«C€ 


extin-guish 


buoy-a«c.y, -ant 


expedi -ence, ent 


Ian- guish 


defi-ance 


exist -ence, ent 


exhibit 


gi-ant 


flu -ence, -ent 


in-habit, in-hiblt 


gnid-ance 


car -est, -eth 


hoy-hood 


pli -ancy, -ant 


gxeaX-est 


child-hood 


xeh-ance 


happi-es? 


maiden-hood 


ten-ant 


what- ever 


man-hood > 


\a.n-ance 


when ever 


widow-hood \ 


venge-ance 


where- ever 


ed-ify j 


Si-ble, 3i-bly, d.-hUity 


a.£-fect, dS-Jiict 


grat-ify 


hi-Ue 


de-fect, de-form 


mod-ify 


] hah-Ue, bub lla 


re-Jlect, reform 


recX-ify 


brara-&Ze 


SiW-ful, -ly 


\iv-ify 


cdi-ble 


ha.ne-ful, -ly 


cavity 


cxvm-lle 


bash-/wZ, -ly 


chsLX-ity 


cura-&Z6 


beauti-/wZ, -ly 


gravity 


d&h-hle 


bounti-/z^Z, -ly 


humil-ity 


dura-JZe, -bility 


h\iss-ful 


real-% 


j esitsL-ble 


ca.re-ful, -ly 


sincerity 


\ fee-ble,-bly, &c. 


direful, -ly 


com-ical, -ly 


j gab-ble, goh-ble 


doleful, -ly 


con-ical 


' gam-ble 


dread-ful, -ly 


han-ish 


i ga.T-ble 


feax-ful, -ly 


fool-ish 


, gmm-ble 


fright-ful, -ly 


mag-ical 


hum-ble, hnm-bly 


grsice-ful, -ly 


heroism 


jiim-ble 


gxdXe-ful, -ly 


de-ject 


landa-ble 


hdiie- ful, -ly 


dis-join 


\a.ugha.-ble 


hopeful, -ly 


e-ject 


nim-ble, mmbly 


hurt-ful, -ly 


en-join, in ject 


! paya-&Ze 


joyful, -ly 


de-claim, de-cline 


1 i>lia.-ble,-rtess, p\ia.-bUity 


manful, -ly 


disclaim, dis-couni 


porta- iZ«e, ness 


mirlh-/t*Z, -ly 


ex-claim, exclude 


mm-ble, mm-ble 


mournful, -ly 


incline, in-clude 


stnm-ble 


pain-/wZ, -ly 


harely 


tBi-ble 


plentiful, ly 


dearly 


trem-ble 


rightful, -ly 


high-ly 


tum-ble 


sinftd,-ly 


jnstly 


Sir-dent, -ly 


teax-ful 


king-!y 


ca-dence 


t\xne-ful, -ly 


lowly 


can dent 


thonght-ful, -ly 


man-ly 


cre-dence 


flsi-grancy, -grant 


open ly 


defen-dant 


tVa -grance, grant 


paxt-ly 


dim-dent 


va -grancy, grant 


Quick-ly i 


\ imim-dence, -dent 

i 


ca.]i-gravhy 


sing-ly 



9* 



102 



A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 



EXERCISE TWENTY-THIRD. 






[continued.] 


1 




time-ly 


depo-7ient 


hax\k-rupt, 


a-zure 




year ly 


ami -Tience, -nerbt 


cox-rupl, coi-rect 


seizure 




dia.'lect 


oppo-Tient 


di-rect 


ac-tual, -ly 




e-lect 


perti -ne77ce, •ne7tt 


e-rect 


mn-tual, -ly 




neg-kct 


pxorni -nence, -neTit 


damoc-racy 


pnnc-tual, -ly 




se-lect 


hitter-ness 


piracy 


cap-ture 




stim-less 


hxight-Tiess 


ascribe 


cxea-ture 




be^m-less 


daxk-Tiess 


de-scribe 


cxxl- ture 




caxe-less 


fdiix-Tiess 


dissuade 


depax-ture 




doubt- Zess 


^t-ness 


xe-spect 


fea-ture 




feav-less 


gentle-ness 


alti-tude 


fix-ture 




restless 


g]a.d-ness 


apti-tude 


fx&c-iure 




de-mand 
xe-mand 


great-ness 
ha.ndi-?iess 


foxti- tude 
gxati-Hide 


fnxni'ture 
fa- ture 




a.mend 


hsLppiriess 


habi tude 


ioin- ture 




aug-ment 


heaxti-ness 


lassi-tude 


jxxnc ture 




base-men? 


just-wess 
kind-ness 


lati tude 


lecture 




but-mera 


longi-tude 


mix- ture 




defeT-7nent 


\a.me-ness 
Vdte-Ttess 
lean-ness 


pleni-tude 


na-ture 




deth-ment 


pxomplitude 


nm ture 




element 


recti-tude 


pas- ture, pos-ture 




fex-ment 


solitude 


pic-ture 




fi\a.-7nent 


loM-ness 


sexvi- tude 


xap-ture, xxipture 




to-ment 


mesLTi-ness 


simili-lude 


^cxip- ture 




?mg-77ient 


quick-ness 


desti- tute 


texture 




gar-TTteni 


sick-Tiess 


insti- tut e 


tiac-ture 




la-mew? 


tendexness 


pxosii-tute 


tox-ture 




ligai-ment 


xnel- ody 


de n^act 


venture 




\m\-7ne7it 


mon-ody 


re-tract 


ves-ture 




mexxi-7ne7it 


pax-Gdy 
anal-ogy 
elogy 
geoi-ogy 


de-volve 


coxxx-teous 




mo-7nent 


in-voJce, in-volve 


xigh teous 




mox\\x-77ient 


aftex-ioard 


an-cient, -ly 




o'mt-7nent 


a-ioard 


pa-tience, pai-tient 




oxnaL-77ient 


monopoly 


hack-ivard 


essen-tial 




\idiY-ment 


anat-om?/ 


down-tvard 


&mn-cial 




V>ed\-ment 


eh ony 


fox-ioard 


judi-cial 




pig-TTient 


arm ory 


fxo-iuard 


max-tial max-shal 




ra.\-ment 


ivory 


home-ioard 


pax- tial 




xudi-7ne7it 


piW-ory 


in-ioard, on-ioard 


poten-tia2 




j 8a.cxsi-7?ie}it 


pxi-ory 


out- loard 


so-cial 




sedi-Tnent 


accomplish 


xe-ioard 


spe-cial 




seg-ment 


ap-prove 


to-ward 


annnn-ciate, -ion 




aex\ii-77ient 


dis-place, dis- prove 


hxazier 


asso-ciate, -ion 




texie-meiit 


im-plex, im-prove 


gla-zier 


depxe- date, -ion 




j testa mew? 


fre -qiience, -quent 


gxa-zier 


ema-ciate, -ion 




tor-mew? 


seguence^se-guent 


do sure 


enun date, -ion 




finance 


hegnest 


lei-sure 


expatiate 




' xemnaTit 


xeqitest 


measure 


ingxa-tiate 




xepng na7ice, -71071 1 


xeWxiguish 


plea- sure 


ini-tiate, -ion 




; suste Tiance 


vaxi-quish 


txeasure 


licentiate 













SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 



103 



EXERCISE TWENTY-FOURTH. 

EXAMPLES FOR THE LEARNER'S PRACTICE. 



ab hor-ing 316 

ab-ject 

ab-\u-ent 

ab mp-tion 

ab-scond-ing 

ab-sent-ment 

ab-sorp-tion 

abstract 

ab-stmct-ing 317 

ab-strsic-tion 

ab-smd-ity 

ab-smd-ly 

abbre-yioX-ing 

abbre-via.-tion 

abro-gaX-ing 

abro-^ai-tion 

abso-\\x-tion 

abso-nant 

adver-tise-ment 

adver-tis'ing 

advo-cai-tion 

alle-gi-ance 

alle-\ia.t-ing 

alli-ance 

alio- csL-t ion 

allo-cn-tion 

allusion 

allu-sive-ness 

apper-ta.in-ir}g 

appre-hend, -ed, -er. ■ 

appre-hend-ing 317 

appre-hensi-ble 

appre-hension 

appro-ha.t-ing 

approhsi-tion 

disc on- cert- ing 

discon-form-ity 317 

discon-nect 

discon-nec-tion 3i7 

discon-solsL-tion 

discon-tented-ly 

discon-tented-ness 

discon teni-ment 

discon-tinn-ance 

disen-cumhr-ance 

disen-gSige-ment 

disin-cline 

disinfect 

disin-fec-tion 

disin genu-ous, -ly, ■ 



disin-ter-ment 

elec-tion 

equi-noctial 

equi-Tponder-ance, -ant 

equiv-dL-lence, -lent 

equiv-oca.-tion 

effi-ca- clous 

esti-msL-ble 

esti-vaa-tion 

esti-\a.-tion 

afflic-led-ness 

evi-dence, evi-dent,ly 

evi-tSL-ble 

affect-di-tion,affirm-ai-tion 

affec-ied-ly 

affec-ied-ness 

affect-ing, affirm-ing 

affec-tion 

affec-ii\Q-ly 

affirm-R-ble 

affirm-ance, affirm-ant 

affirm-bXi\e-ly 

afflict-ing 

affiic-tion 

afflic-tive-ly, effec-tive-ly 

afflu-cnce, affiu-ent, -ly 

effec-ti-ble 

effec-tive-ness 

effect-less 

effec-tual-ly 

aggra-\a.-tion 

aggre-ga.ting 

aggre-ga-tion 

agree-a.-ble, agree-a.-bly 

agree-ing 

agree-ment 

agri-cnX-ture 

hydro-graphic 

imper-sXive-ly 

imper-cepii-ble, -Uy 

imper-fect 

imper-ii- nence,nent, -ly 

imper-imha-ble 

impre-csL-tion 

imprecision 

impro-pria tion 

impro-pxi-ety 

impru-dence -dent-dently 

incom-modi-ous, -ly,-np.ss 

inconi]^xQ. -ble, bl 



incom paiti-ble,-bly,-bility 

incom-pli -ance, -ant 

inco7n pressi -ble, -bility 

incon-cei\a. -ble, -bly 

incon-deDsa. -ble, -bility 

incon-form-ity 

inconnec-tion 

incon se-quent 

incon-sidera- ble, -ness 

incon sideia tion 

incon-sist-encij,-ent,-ently 

incon sola -ble, -bly 

incon-so -nance, -nant 

incon-iesii -ble, -bly 

incon-ii -nence, -nent, -ly 

in con-veni-ence-ent,-ently 

incon-vexti -ble, -bility 

incor-pora-tion 

incor-x\gi-ble,-bleness,bly 

incorrect, incor-rwpt 

incor-ruption 

incormpt-ness 317 

com-bai-ant 

com-hat-ing 

com hina ble 

com-hma-tion 

corn-bin ing 

com-forta ble, -blencsSf-bly 

com-fori-less 

com-mand-ant 317 

com-mand-ment 

com-memorable 

com-memoxa-tion 

com-mencmen( 

commcnc-ing 

com-menda-tion 

com-mer-cial 

co7n-mination 

com-mingling 

com-minu tion 

C07n-misexa-ble 

com-misera-tion 

com-mis sion 

com-mit ment 

C07n-m\x ture 

corn-mod i-ows, -ly, -ness 

co77i-mod-ity 

C077i-mona-ble 

co7nmon-ness 

C0)Jl-mO ti07l 



104 



A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 



EXERCISE TWENTY-FOURTH. 


"";■ 




[continued.] 






com-mnn-ity 


concerning 


con-solsi-tion 




cow-mula -ble, -hility 


concem-ment 


con-sol-ing 




co)n-mutSL-tion 


con-cession 


con-stellartion 




com-xnn-tual 


con- cilisi- tion 


constemai-tion 




co7?i-pa.ct-ness 


con-cise-ness 


con-stitut-ing 




co??2-para -ble, -bJy 


con-cision 


coTistitu-tion 




com-pa.i-ing 


con-elude 


con-stmc-tion 




com-vaixti-tion 


con-elusion 


consulta-tion 




com-pairtment 


concoction 


consumma-tion 




com-psiss-ing 


concre-ment 


con-sump-ti07i 




com-psiS-sion 


con-crete-nesa 


con-tam\na-ble 




cow-pati- ble, -b^y, -hility 


concte-iion 


con-iamindi-tion 




coyn-peWa-ble 


concun-itig 


con-tent-me7it 




com-pe\\si-tio7t 


C071 cu.ssion 


CG7Hesti-ble 




com-pell-ing 


con-demna-tion 


con-testa-tion 




com-pendi'Ous, -ly, -ness 


con-demn-ing 


co7itmua.-tion 




\ com-pen&aX-ing 


con-dem-i7ig 


contoi-tion 




com-pensa.-tio?t 


con-de&ceiid-if7g 


conxening 




corn-petition 


co7i-descension 


con-\en-tion 




cojn-pi]a.tion 


con-dign-ness 


con-vevs-a7it 




com-pi\e-ment 


co7i-di-tion 


con-versa.-tion 




com-p\ddn-ant 


con-dole-ment 


con-\er sion 




com-ple-ment 


con-doVence 


con-veiti-ble 




com-p\e-tion 


con-do\-ing 


con-\oca.-tion 




corn-pVi -ance, -ant 


coTi-fer-ence 


con-vul-sion 




comp\ica.-tion 


con-fen-ing 


contia-distinc-tion 




com-pMment 


con-fes-sion 


contra- distin-guisfi 




comply -ing 


con-figmsi-tion 


contro-vexsial 




compo-nent 


con-^ne-nient 


cou7iter-act 




comportSL'ile 


con-fin ing 
con-fiscaL-tion 


counter-BiC-Hon 




co7n-pos-ing 


counter-hal-ance 




com- position 


confax-ence 
con-fusion 
con-futa.-ble 


counter mand 




com-potdLtion 


count er-peti- tion 




cojn-piessi -ble, -hility 


count er-pw-ject 




compression 


con-fut3i-tion 


magni-fy-ing 




com-p\x\sion 


con-geaX-ing 


?7iulti-pliaL-ble 




com-punc tion, -tioiis 


con-geaX-ment 


97iultiplica.-iion 




com-pnta. ble 


con-join 


multi-plic-ity 


i 


com-putSL-tion 


con-^unc-tion 


muUi-ply-ing 


i 


co77i-p\xt-ing 


con-7iect 


miscon-cep-tian 




compre-hend, -ed, sive 


con-nec-tion 


7niscon-duct 




C077ipre-Yiend-ing 317 


con-quersi-ble 64 


enter-pris-ing 




compre-hensi -ble, -biUty 


co7i-niv ance 


enter-tsiin-ing 




1 co7npre-hension 


con-quest 


enter-toin-mem 




i co77ipro-mis-ing 


con-science 


inter-ced-ing 




i co77ipro-n\it-ing 


conscious. 309 


inter-cep-tion 




1 con-cea.]a.-ble 


co7i-&\derdi tion 


inter-cession 




i con-cea] ment 


con-s\gn-7nent 


inter-cess- cry 




con-cpa.]i7ig 


cun-so-ciate 


inter- elude 




con-cep tiOTi 


con-so\di-ble 


inter-dict 





SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHS. 



105 



EXERCISE TWENTY-FOURTH. 



CONTINUED. 



inter- est 

inter-est-ing 

inter- fer-ence 

interject 

inter-\ocu-tion 

inter-locdi-tion 

inter lac-ent 

inter-moxxy-ing 

inter-mitt-ent 

inter-xmx-ture 

inter voldi-tion 

inter -Tpo-sition 

inter-pretsi-tion 

inter-rupt 

inter-vmption 

inter-sec-tion 

inter-sTpei-sio7i 

inter-\en tion 

inter-volve 

intro-vex-sion 

intrusion 

oh-ject 

ob-jec-tion 

ob-\di-tion 

ob-reT£>-tion 

Ob seivsition 

ob serv-ing 

obsession 

obstruct 

ob-stmc-tion 

ob-taiinaL-ble 

ob-iom-ment 

ob-testa tion 

ob-tu-sion 

obli-ga-tion 

obli-gaX-ory 

obli-quai-tion 

obsti-pa-tion 

omni-foi'm 

ornithology 

opprobrious 

orthodox-ly 

ortho-dox-ness 

per- cep- tion 

per-co]a.-tion 

per-cns-sion 

per di- tion 

per-fect-ing 

per tec- tion 

per- i- graph 



pej'-missi-ble 

per-mis-sion 

per-mitt-ance 

per-mutdi-tion 

per-secu-tion 

per-suade 

per-tina.cious 

per-tinac-ity 

per-tmhaition 

per-tu-sion 

per-va-sion 

per-\ex-slo?i 

pre-cision 

pre-co-cious 

pre- emp- tion 

pre-fex-ence 

pre-iex-ment 

pre-fix-ing 

pre-hex\sion 

pre-senia-tion 

presentiment 

presum-ing 

presupposition 

pse-texid-ing 

pretension 

pre-\ent-ing 

pre-ven-tion 

pro-ha-tion 

pro-cuxe-ment 

pro-cux-ing 

profan-ity 

pro-fan-ing 

pro-fess-ing 

pro-fession 

pro-fusion 

pro-gxession 

pro-hibit 

protec-tion 

pro-tecting 

pro-traction 

pro-vi sion 

pursvL-ing 

pur-vey-ing 

recom-menda-ble 

recom-menda-tion 

recom mis sion 

recom-mit-ment 

recom-position 

recon-cil-ing 



recon-duci 

reconsidexa-tion 

recon-\ey ing 

reprc-hend 

repre-hension 

repre senta-tion 

reproha-tion 

sub duc-tion 

sub-du-ing 

sub-mex'sion 

sub-mission 

subsidence 

subsitan-tial 

sub-sti-tute 

sub- tract 

sub-trac-tion 

sub-vexsion 

sup-ph-ant 

sup-poxta-ble 

sup-posa-ble 

sup-pxes-sion 

sup-pma-tion 

temp-exa-mejit 

temp-ex-ing 

te?np-est 

tempt-a-tion 

tempt-i7ig 

tran-Qiiil-ity 

trans-act 

transac-tion 

trans-fexable 

trans-fexx-ing 

trans-form 

trans form-ing 

trans -fusi-ble 

trans-fusion 

trans- gxes- sion 

transient 

transition 

trans-la-tion 

trans-loca tion 

trans-missi-ble 

ir ns-mis-sion 

trans muta-tion 

transplant 

trans-p\anta-tion 

trans-poxta ble 

trans-poxta-tion 

trans-position 

transudation 



106 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

EXERCISE TWENTY-FIFTH. 

FOR THE learner's PRACTICE. 

THE BEACON-LIGHT. 

T>SLYk-ness was deepen-ijig- o'er the seas, 

And still the hulk drove on; 
No sail to answer82 to the breeze 

Her masts and cordage gone; 
Gloomy and drear her course of fear. 

Each look'd but fo?^ a grave. 
When full in sight, the beacon-light 

Came stream-m^ o'er the wave ! 

Then wild-lp rose the gladden-m^ shout 

Of all that hardy crew — 193 
Bold-Zy they put the helm about, 

And THROUGH the surf thep flew ; 
Storm was forgot, toil heeded^s not, 

And loud the cheer they gave. 
As full in sight, the beacon-light 

Came stream-m<g- o'er the wave ! 

And g^i-ly oft the tale they told, 

When they were safe on shore. 
How hearts had sunk, and hope grown cold. 

Amid the billows' roar ; 
That not a star had shone afar 

By its pale beam to save, 
When full m sight, the beacon-light 

Came stream-^?^^ o'er the wave ! 



SPEC/MEN 

II 



'\^ 



/^-^ 6'-- .<^ .^ — \ , 









-''"-'^, . 



O-- ^^^ ^\/. 

o <i L^ v^y V^ ^ 



^- lJ^-a, _o _. 



SCIENCE OF STENOGEAPHT. 107 

EXERCISE TWENTY-SIXTH. 

FOR THE learner's PRACTICE. 

A son's farewell to his mother 

AND DEPARTURE FROM HOME. 

Mother — / leave thy dwelling. 

Thy counsel and thy care : 
With grief m?/ heart is swelling 

No more in them to share ; 
Nor hear that sweet voice s^eakitig 

When hours q/* joy run high. 
Nor meet that mild eye seeking 

When sorrow's touch comes nigh. 

Mother — / leave thy dwellm^j 

And the sweet hour of prayer ; 
With grief my heart is swellm^, 

No more to meet thee there. 
Thy faith aiid fervor, pleading 

In zmspent^*^* tones of love 
Perchance my soul art leading 

To better hopes above^^^ 

Mother— /leave thy dwellm^ 

Oh ! shall it he for ever 7 
With grief my heart is swell m^, 

From, thee— ^rom thee^^^ fQ sever. 
These arms, that now enfold me 

So elosely to thy heart, 
These eyes^ that now behold me, 

From aW~ from alP^ /part. 

CONN. OBSERVER. 



103 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

EXERCISE TWENTY-SEVENTH. 

FOR THE learner's PRACTICE. 

PRAYER. ' 

While the bloom of youth is o'er 254 thee^ 
While thy brow is calm and fair, 

While thine eye sees bliss before 260 thee^ 
Greet — oh ! greet the gift of Prayer. 

While thine heart un\Aeni with f.orrow, 
Dreams not yet of cold despair, 

Gladd'nmg- in each radia?2^ morrow, 
Turn thee to the shrine of PrayV. 

When the-world^so is round thee ihiowing 
Shades of S3.dness and of care. 

Still vnth sweet reliance glowm^, 
Seek — oh ! seek the light of Prayer, 

When the touch of time descendm^, 
Pales thy cheek, and thins thine hair, 

Through 277 this Xe^xful valley wendi/i^, 
Aye he thine the staff of Prayer, 

So when from thy gaze retreati??^, 
Earth 279 born visions fade in air, 

May thy spirit^ gently Meeting, 
Rise tipon the wings of Prayer. 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 109 



&C. 



369 Many words admit of being expressed by 
their leading sound or sounds ; in such cases, a 
mark thus ' should be inserted beneath, to denote 
the same ; writing \^ express — (sive, siveiy, siveness, &c. 
— T^ thanks — (give, giver, giving, (fec, as for instance, 
Remerri — (ber) my counsel. This do in remem^ — 
(brance) of mc. Thcsc Goods are now rtianufac— 
(tured) iji |;hig country, duestions of importance re- 
quire dclib — (erate) auswcrs, &c. 

370. This method of abbreviation may also be 
applied in connection with prepositions and termi- 
nations, as in the following examples, ^ nation — 

[aJ, -ilty, -ize,-ness, &c. ^ COm.paSSion—(g,te, -ately, &C. 

371. The names of the several States of the 
Union, &c. — may be written in Long-hand with 
their usual abbreviations, as, N. Y. New York. R. 
I. Rhode Island. N. E. New England. U. S. 
United States^ (fcc. 

COMBINATION OP WORDS. 

372. In order to facilitate the process of writing 
as much as possible, the pronouns may be joined 
with the auxilary verbs. The word let may also 
be joined with pronouns, and for the convenience 
of joining the first character representing h may be 
used for the pronoun her^ the second for Aim, and 
th for them when preceded by let ; — the first h for 
he^ and the first w for we before cvlu and will. 

10 



110 



A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 



EXERCISE TWENTY-EIGHTH. |1 


EXAMPLES FOR THE 


learner's practice. 


abom [iuate, inately, inaiiug, 6:c. 


necro [maucer, mancy, inautic, &c. 


ariih [metic,-al,-ally , metician. 


neutral [ize, izing, izatioa. 


argument [al, ation, alive. 


nomen [clator, clature, clatural. 


auihen fvc, -ally, -alness, -ate, &c. 


iiomi [nate, nation, native, &c. 


benef [inience,-icient. 


noto [riety, rious, riously, &c. 


benev [olence, -olent, -olently. 


Dotwith [standing. 


benig [m\y. 


omnip [otence, otent, otently. 


catho [lie. -ism, -ize. 


opin [ionated, ionative, &c. 


charac [ter, -istic, -istieally, -ize, &c. 


orbic [uiar, ularly, ulate. 


commission [ed, er, ing. 


organ [ic, -ally, -ism, -ize, &c. 


conscious [ly, ness. 


parsimo [nioiis, -ly, -ness, &c. 


co7istii\ition [al, -ity, -ist, &c. 


panic [ular, -ly, -ity, -ize, &c. 


degen [eracy, erate, eration, &s. 


pathet [ic, -ally, alness. 


delib [erate, erately, eraiion, &c. 


penu [rious, -ly, -ness. 


demon [strable, strata, stration, &o. 


perpet [uate, nation, uity. 




perpen [dicular, -ity, -ly, &e. 


denora [inate, ination, inative, &c. 


pracii [cabb, cabiiity, ca], cally, &o. 


eccen [trie, tricity. 


quarrel [some, soraeness. 


eccle [siastic, -al. 


querimo [nious, -ly, -ness. 


eman [cipate, cipation, &c. 


reani [mate, malion, &c. 


embel [lish,-ed,-ment. 


rebap [tize, tism, &c. 


excom [municate,-d, mnnication. 


recog [nition, nizable, &c. 


exiem [porary, porize, ed, &c. 


recipro- [cal, cally, cate, &c. 


eyiim-guish [ment. 


recrim [inate, ination, inator, &c. 


fanat [ic, -al, -ally, -ism. 


regen [erate, fcration,-d. 


fantas [tie, -al, ally, -alness. 


remem [ber, bering, brance. &c. 


geom [eter, etrician, -etry. 


revolution [ary, er, ist, ize, &c. 


geomet [rical, -!y. 


sentenf iows [ly, ness. 


iden [tical,-ness, &c. 


seques [tered, trable, trate, &c. 


illu [minate, rainating, Sec. 


signif [icance, icant, icantly, &c. 


imag [inable, inary, ination, &q. 


simu [late, lating, lation. 


inipet [uosity, uous, uously, &c. 


somnam [bulation, bulism, &c. 


indig [nation, nity, &c. 


station [a], ary, er, ery. 


inexo [rable, rably, rability. 


stig [ma, -tic, -tize, &c. 


inher [it, -able, -ance, &c. 


stimu [lant, late, lation, &c. 


integ [rity. 


succes [sive, sively, siveness, &c. 


intern [perance,perate, perately, &c. 


symbol [ic, ical, ize. 


invig [orate, oration. &c. 


system [atic, atically, atize, izing. 


jurid [ical,-ly. 


sympa [thelic, thetical, thize, thy. . 


jurisdic [tion, tional, tive. 


tautol [ogist, ogize, &c. 


jurispru- [dence, dential. 


tempo [rary, rarily, -rariuess, &c. 


legis [late, lation, lative, &c 


tiran [ic, -ical,nize, &c. 


legit [imacy, imate, &c. 


trigo [nometrical, -nometry. 


lexi [cographer, cography, &c. 


usu [rious, -ly, -ness. 


luxu [riance, riate, rious, &c. 


Taletu [dinary, dinarily, &c. 


magnan [iraous, imonsly. 


venture [ous, ously, cusness. 


magnif [icence, icent, ieently. 


vieto [rious, riously. 


mechan [ic, -al, -ally, -alness, &c. 


vocif [erate, eraiion, erous. 


merch [andize, ant, antable, &c. 


volup [Uiary, tuous, tuously, &c. 


metamor [phose, -d, phosis, &c. 


voracious [ly, ness. 


method [ical, ically, ize. 


vatch [fully, fulness. 


metro [poliian, political, &c. 


wonder [fully, fulness. 


munif [icence, icent, ieently. 


Yellow [ish, ishness, &o. 


navi [gable, gate, gation, &c 


youth [fully, fulness. 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 



Ill 



EXERCISE TWENTY-NINTH. 

EXAMPLES FOR THE LEARNEr's PRACTICE. 



Let-rae 372 
Lel-me-be 
Lel-me-do 
Let-me-have 
Lel-her 
Let-her-be 
Let her-do 
Let-her-have 
Let-him 
Lel-hira-be 
Let-him-do 
Let-him-have 
Let-US 
Let-US-be 
Let-US-do 
Let-US-have 
Let-them 
Let-thera-be 
Let-them-do 
Lei-them-have 
I-have 
I-have-been 
I-have- done 
I-have-had 
I-had 

I-had-beea 
I-had-done 
I-had-had 
He-has 
He-has-been 
He-has-doue 
He-has-had 
He-had 
He-had-been 
He-had-done 
He-had-had 
We-have 
We-have-been 
We-have-done 
We-have-had 
We-had-been 
We-had-done 
We-had-had 
They-have 
They-have-been 
They-have-done 
They-have-had 
They-had 
They-had-been 
They-had-done 
They-had-had 
I I-may-be 
J I-m ay-do 
II I-may-have 



l-inight-be 

I-might.-do 

I-might-have 

He-may-be 

He-may-do 

He-may-have 

He-might-be 212 

He-might-do 

He-might-have 

We-may-be 

We-may-do 

We-may-have 

We-might-be 

We-might-do 

We-might-have 

They-may-be 

They-may-do 

They-may-have 

They-might-be 

They-might do 

They-might-have 

I-can-be 

I-can-do 

I-can-have 

I-could-be 

I-could-do 

I-could-have 

He-can-be 

He- can-do 

He-can-have 

He-could-be 

He-could-do 

He-could-have 

We-can-be 

We-can-do 

We-can-have 

We-could-be 

We-could-do 

We-could-have 

They-can-be 

They-can-do 

They-can-have 

They-could-be 

They-could-do 

They-could-have 

I-will 

I-w ill-be 

I-will-do 

I-will-have 

I-would 

I-would-be 

I-would-do 

I-virould-have 

He-will 

He-will-be &c. 



Lei-me-not 

Let-me-not-be 

Let-me-not-do 

Let-me-not-have 

Let-her-not 

Let-her-not-be 

Let-her-not-do 

Lether-not-have 

Let-him-not 

Let-him-not-be 

Let-him-not-do 

Let-him-not-have 

Let-us-not 

Let-us-not-be 

Let-ns-not-do 

Let-us-not-have 

Let-them-not 

Let-them-not-be 

Let-them-not-do 

Let-them-not-have 

I-have-not 

I-have-not-been 

I-have-not-done 

I-have-not-had 

I"had-not 

J-had-not-beea 

I-had-not-done 

I-had-not-had 

He-has-not 

He-has-not-beea 

He-has-not-done 

He-has-not-had 

He-had-not 

He-had-not-been 

He-had-not-done 

He-had-uot-had 

We-have-not 

We-have-not-been 

We-have-not-done 

We-have-not-had 

We-had-not-been 

We-had-not-done 

We-h ad-not-had 

They-have-not 

They-have-not-been 

They-have-not-done 

They-have-not-had 

They-had-not 

They-had-not-been 

They-had-not-done 

They-had-not-had 

I-may-not-be 

I-may-not-do 

I-may-not-hdve 



I-might-iioi-be 

I-might-not-do 

I-might-not-have 

He-may-not-be 

He-may-not-do 

He-may-not-have 

He-might-not-be 

He-might-not-do 

He-might-not-have 

We-may-not-be 

We-may-not-do 

We-may-not-have 

We-might-not-be 

We-might-not-do 

We-might-not-have 

They-may-not-be 

They-may-not-do 

They-may-not-have 

They-might-not-be 

They-might-not-do 

They-might-not-have 

I-can-not-be 

I-cau-not-do 

I-can-uothave 

I-could-not-be 

I-could-not-do 

I-could-not-have 

He-can-not-be 

He-can-not-do 

He-can-not-have 

He-could-not-be 

He-could-not-do 

He-could-not-have 

We-can-not-be 

We-can-not-do 

We-can-not-have 

We-could-not be 

We-could-not-do 

We-could-uot-have 

They-can-not-be 

They-can-noi-do 

They-can-not -have 

They-could-not-be 

They-could-not-do 

They-could-not-have 

I-will-not 

1-will-not-be 

I-will-not-do 

I-will-not-have 

I-would-not 

I-would-nol-be 

I-would-not-do 

I-would-not-have 

He-will-not 

He-will-not-be &c. 



112 A COJVIPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

MISCELLANEOUS RULES AND DIRECTIONS. 

When the student first endeavors to write after 
a speaker, he must not be discouraged if he finds 
himself unable to keep pace with him. In his early 
attempts he will perhaps feel so confused, as to be 
prevented from writing with half the expedition of 
which he is really capable. It will be in vain for 
him to expect that he can preserve every word. 
Let him be content, at first^ to take the substance 
of what is delivered, retaining, as much as possible, 
whatever is peculiar in the phraseology of the 
speaker, and by perseverance and practice he will 
find himself able to write more and more fully, till 
at length his performance will be quite satisfactory. 

The pupil will find it useful, after he has become 
well acquainted with the foregoing rules and the 
annexed specimen plates, to employ some friend to 
read extracts on difierent subjects, very deliberately, 
while he writes them down. This will familiarize 
him to the manner of following a voice, will call 
his acquirements into active exercise, and v/ill les- 
sen the embarrasments above alluded to. 

It will also facilitate the progress of the learner, 
if, when he casts his eye on an unusual word, or 
hears it spoken in company, he accustom himself to 
consider how it should be expressed in short hand. 
This method will greatly contribute to readiness 
and expedition. 

The first word or two of every sentence should 
be written very plain, so as to leave them distinct 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 113 

and of an easy legibility. By this means you will 
secure connectionj and render the whole sentence 
easy to be read, though much abbreviated in the 
latter part. 

When the learner at first attempts to decipher 
what he has written in Short-hand, the best way 
is to transcribe it in common hand, and when a 
word is not known at first sight proceed to speak 
each letter separately and distinctly, and then pro- 
nounce the whole together, and so continue writing 
and deciphering till in a short time, practice and 
perseverance will make it so completely easy, that 
he will be able to read it without the trouble of 
transcribing. 

The smaller the characters can be written, with- 
out becoming indistinct, the more it will promote 
expedition. 

An important use to which Short-hand Writing 
may be applied in Schools, is that of the scholars, 
in classes, writing in it expeditiously from a tutor's 
or governess' dictation ; and afterwards being re- 
quired to produce the same matter correctly spelled 
in fair writing from their short-hand manuscript. 

When great dispatch is requisite, all stops, except 
the period, may be omitted, leaving a blank, pro- 
portioned in size to the length of the pause required. 

In taking down sermons, quotations from scrip- 
ture frequently occur. It will be sufficient if a few 
of the first words of these be inserted, as the defi- 
ciency can afterwards be supplied from memory, 
or by consulting a concordance. 

10* 



114 A CXDMPLETE GTHDE TO THE 

When a short hand writer is employed to take 
down proceedings in the courts of law, and it is of 
consequence to report them as nearly verbatim as 
possible, it is desirable to make him previously ac- 
quainted with the matter in dispute, which is often 
so complicated as not to be easily understood. By 
becoming master of the case beforehand, he will be 
in less danger of falling into mistakes, and will 
more readily comprehend the bearing of what is 
said. 

The assistance of a Teacher, when it can be ob- 
tained, is of great advantage in the study of this art. 
Men differ in their genius and perceptions, and 
every pupil has his own peculiar views and ideas. 
Difficulties present themselves to some minds which 
never occur to others, and which no writer on the 
subject can anticipate. It is impossible, in a public 
treatise, to lay down the rules and explanations 
adapted to the capacities, and satisfactory to the 
understanding of all who may endeavor to learn 
by it. A master, however, has it in his power to 
give such minute and personal instructions as 
cannot fail to produce a beneficial result. He can 
at once explain to the student whatever seems ob- 
scure and ambiguous ; he can solve his difficulties, 
correct his mistakes, assist his inventions, encour- 
age him in his progress, and lead him on to a 
practical proficiency. 

"Despair of nothing that you would attain, 
Unwearied diligence your point will gain." 



SCIENCE OF STENOGEAPHT. 1 15 

EXERCISE THIRTIETH. 

FOR THE learner's PRACTICE. 

A HYMN OF THE VINTAGERS. 

'Tis eyeniiig,^^^ and the sun's last gleam 

Beneath^^^ the wave will soon be gone ; 
But ere it leaves the mountain stream. 

Our vintage labor will be done. 
Hark ! hark !"^^^ the pealing^^^ vesper bell 

From toil unto deYotion^^^ calls. 
Of hope and joy it seems to tell, 

As sweetly^^^ on the ear it falls. 

'Tis sweet to rest from toil awhile ; 

And when the shades of night are come, 
To meet the cheermg-^^^ welcome smile, 

That waits us at our peacefuP^^ home. 
Hark ! hark l^^^ the ^ealing^^^ vesper bell. 

From toil unto devotionP^^ calls, 
Of hope and joy it seems to tell 

As sweetly^^^ on the ear it falls. 



THE CLOSE OF LIFE. 

When life's last lustre sheds a feeble^ ray, 
And time with silent^^ finger marks decay ; 
When scarce the droopm^^"^ wing has power to soar, 
GladZi/^5^ we give the unequal-^^ contest^^^ o'er ;"^^ 
And hiimbly^^^ hope in this our last re-quest^ 
To trim our eveni??.^^^ lamp, then sink to rest. 



116 A COSEPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

EXERCISE THIRTY-FIRST. 



FOR THE LEARNER'S PRACTICE. 



A well instructed people alone^^'' can be a free 
people. Beauty is no longer amia6/e than while 
virtue^^^ adorns it. ChariVz/, like the sun, brightens 
every oh-ject on which it shines. Disappointment^ 
and distress are often blessin^^ in disguise. Ex- 
ercise and tempQxance strengthen the con^iiiMtion^ 
and sweeten the enjoymen^^ of life. Fee6Ze are all 
the "^XediSures in which the heart has no share. 
Guilt may attain temporal splendor but can never 
confer real happine^^. Happine^^ is a theme on 
which all delight to expeitiate. It is not only 
cruel but base to sport with the sorrows and suifer- 
ings of the z^nfortunate.'^^ Jealousy, hatred, mal- 
ice, and other malignant pas^ion^ pervert the soul 
and cramp the best feelm^5 of our n3.tiire. Know- 
ledge^°^ of man ishighZy importa?2^ for all to obtain. 
Let not the blessin^^ we daiZy receive from God, 
make us not to value, or not praise him because 
they are common. Modesty sits grace/z^ZZy upon 
youth, it covers a multi-tude of faults, and doubles 
the lustre of every virtue which it seems to hide. 
No YegwX^tioii of con-duct can altogether^^ prevent 
^d^sions from disturbing* our peace,^!* and misfor- 
tunes from wounding our hearts. Over^^* all the 
moments of life, religion scatters her favors, but re- 
serves her best, her choice^^ blessm^^ for the last 
hour. Possess your mind with the vast importance 
of a good judgment, and the in-estiniSible^^^ advan- 
tage of right reasoning. 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 117 

EXERCISE THIRTY-SECOND. 

FOR THE learner's PRACTICE. 

Religion is the daughter of heaverij parent of our 
virtues, andscource of all true felicity. Seek your 
companions and friends in the society of the repu- 
table, the wise and the good. The sentimen^^ of 
universal^^^ benev-[olence^^^ expands the heart, hu- 
manizes the mind, and fosters every generous affec- 
tion. The end of learni^^^ is to know God, and 
out of that knowledge^^^ to love him, and to imitate 
him, as we may the neare^^, by possessing our souls 
of true virtue. Universal^^^ igno7^ance or infinite 
errors will 02?erspread the mind which is utterZj^ neg- 
lected and lies without^^^ any cultiva^7*o?2. Vices 
are never ixxMy eradi-[cated,2^^ it is easier to prevent 
their heing planted, than to restrain their growth 
after they have once taken root. We should dis- 
pose of the time past to observation and reflection, 
of the time present to duty, and of the time to come 
to providence. When men have once^^^ resolved 
upon a difficult and dangeroz^^ enterprise, no time 
seems so tedion=9 as the space betwixt^'^i the deter- 
mineitiofi and the execution. Your duty, your 
inter-est, and your happine^^ require that you 
should associate only with the intelli-[gent^^° and 
the virtuous. Zealously ptirsue that course of life, 
which will be the most conducive to the general 
good of all. Zest may be given to virtuous prac- 
[tices by the loveliness of virtuous /precepts. Zeal- 
ously endeavor to a//eviate the wants of the poor. 



113 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

EXERCISE THIRTY-THIRD. 

FOR THE learner's PRACTICE. 

THE HOME OF HAPPIER DAYS. 

Yes, bright the velvet lawn appears 

And fair the bloommg* bowers 
Yet blame me not, I view with tears 

This scence of light and flowers. 
Strangers possess my native halls. 

And tread my wonted ways ; 
Alas ! no look, no voice recalls, 

The home of happier days. 

The gay guitar is still in tune, 
The green-house plants are rare ; 

Glad faces throng the wide saloon, 
But none I love are there. 

O ! give me fiiendship's^^^ cherish'd^^ tone 
Give me affec-tion''s^^^ gaze ; 

Else my sad heart can never own 

The home of happier days. 



RE LI G I ON. 

Religion hail ! by God divine/^/ given 

To soothe our woes, and lift our hearts to heaven ; 

By thee inspired our souls superior rise 

To EARTHLY thiugs and gain by faith the skies. 

O ! be thy influence through my bosom shed. 

When sorrows threaten and when dangers spread ; 

Or in prosperi^2/'5 aWnring hour 

Still may I feel thy sweet coiiixolling power. 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAFHr. 119 

EXERCISE THIRTY-FOURTH. 

FOR THE learner's PRACTICE. 

•^THE MEMORY OF JOYS THAT ARE PAST,^* 

There is a tear of sweet relief— 

A tear of rap^z^re and of grief; 

The feeling heart alone^*^ can know 

What soft emotions bid it flow. 

It is when memory charms the mindj 

With tender images refined ; 

'Tis when her magic spells restore 

Departed friends and joys no more. 

There is an hour — a pensive hour ; 
And oh ! how dear its soothing power! 
It is when twilight spreads her veil. 
And steals along^^^ the sil^^z^ dale ; 
'Tis when the fading blossoms close. 
When all is silence and repose ; 
Then memory wakes and loves^^^ to mourn, 
The days that never can return. 

There is a strain — a plaintive strain. 
The source of joy and yet of pain ; 
It is the song whose dym^ measure 
Some friend beloved has heard with ipleasiire. 
Some friend who ne'er again may hear. 
The meltm^ lay to memory dear ; 
Ah ! then her magic spells restore 
Yisions of blissful days no more. 

FELICIA HEMANS. 



120 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

EXERCISE THIRTY-FIFTH. 

FOR THE learner's PRACTICE. 

Concluding sentence of the Speech of the Right Honorable Lord 
Brougham, Lord High Chancellor of England, on the Second Read- 
ing of the Reform Bill. Delivered in the House of Lords, on Friday, 
the 7th of October, 1831. 

This I know, that as sure as man is maiij the 
delay of justice serves but to enhance the price at 
which you must purchase safety and peace.^^^ Your 
Tuordships^^^ are the highe^^ judiciaZ authority232 in 
the realm: you sit here as judges in all causes, 
civil and criminal, which can come between^o^ siib- 
ject and-subject.299 It is the first office of judges, never 
to decide in any, the most trifli??.^ cause, without^ 
hediXing every thing that can be given in evide?ice 
condemning it. Will you decide the great cause of 
a Tidi-tion^s^^^ hopes and fears without^^^ a heari?i^? 
Beware of your diecision.^^^ Rouse not the spirit^^'' 
of a peace^^^-loving,^!! but determined people, alien- 
ate^^^ not the affec-tions of a great empire from your 
body. 

As your friend, as the friend of my country, as 
the servant of my sovereign, I counsel you to assist 
with all your efforts to preserve the nation[aP®^] 
peace,2i* and perpet[uate2^^] the nation[aP^^] prosper- 
ity. For all these reasons, I pray and beseech you 
not to reject this bill. I call upon you by all that 
you hold most dear, by all that binds every one of 
us to our common order and our common country, 
unless, indeed, you are prepared to say that you 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 121 

will admit of no xeform^ that you are resolved 
against^^^ all change, for in that case, o'^'^ositiort?^^ 
would at least be consistent ; I beseech you, I 
solemn/?/ adjure you, yea, even on bended knees^ 
my lords, I implore you not to leject this bill. 



EXERCISE THIKTY-SIXTH, 

FOR THE learner's PRACTICE. 

A FATHER'S SORROW. 

I bid thee go in grief and tears, fair daughter of my heart, 
For brightest days are clouded oft, and sweetest joys depart ; 
Thou'lt find this world so flattering now, alas ! a vale of tearsj 
The cup of our existence filPd with sorrow and with fears. 

I give thee to thy lover's arms, my hemxtiful — my child— 
For well I know thy guile/ess heart has fondly on him smil'd ; 
He'll take thee to the altar, a young and blooming bride, 
But hard I feel it is to part with all a father's pride. 

I think me of the days gone by when on thy mother's breast^ 
I us'd to watch thy infant sleep and bless thy place of rest ; 
And often in the even-tide I took thee on my knee, 
And happiZ^/ the hours went on amid thy childhood^ s glee. 

I think me of the loving eye of thy young maiden/iood!, 
When joy/wZ/?/ to greet me home, thou'st by the jasmine stood ; 
And all thy gentle words are fresh e'en now upon my ear. 
The music of thy youth which us'd a father's heart to cheer. 

When thy mother's cheek grew pale and her farewell kiss was given 
And the blessed angel took her to live with God in heaven ; 
How oft I twined my fingers in thy dark raven hair, 
And trac'd her features in thy face and found a portrait there. 
11 



122 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO TH2 

i give thee to thy lover's arms, my beauti/uZ — my child— 
For well I know thy guile/ess heart has fond/?/ on him smil'd ; 
He'll take thee to the altar, a yomig and bloomzng- bride, 
But hard I feel it is to part with all a father's pride. 

I hope that he will be to thee, the good — the fond — the true — 
And never then thy marriage hour like some thou 'It Y&iiily rue ; 
When sorrow 's in thy dwelling love, he '11 take thee to his heart; 
And kiss away each bitter tear that from thy eyelids start. 

He '11 bless thee at his gomg out, and at his coming in, 
And thou wilt catch each look of love, and strive e'en more to win ; 
He will be thy strength in weakness, thy joy in sorrow's hour, 
Thy friend eefore a faith/ess world, thy rainbow in the shower. 

When friends have false or fickle prov'd, and care sits on his brow, 
When fortune's lash is keenly felt, remember then thy vow ; 
And take him in his sadden'd mood, thy fairy hands caress^ 
And let him know the treasure which in thee he does possess. 

Thou 'It thus be round him all thy days, a tender gracc/w/ flower. 
And he will be thy safe-guard from the ruth/ess temp-est's power : 
Close clasp thy love together, be his beauty and his pride, 
And the '^ shadow of a rock'' be thine throughout the desert wide, 

I bless thee then my gentle girl, receive my benison, 
And may the tie nownearZi/ wove, be formed again in heaven ; 
And though in bidding thee farewell, there 's sadness on my brow, 
I '11 lead thee to the altar, God's blessing on thy vow. 



H OMEl 

Home ! 't is the name of all that sweetens life ; 
Oh ! 't is a name of more than magic spell, 
Whose sacred power the wanderer best can tell ; 
He who long distant from his native land 
Feels at her name his eager love expand ; 
Whether as parent, husband, father, friend, 
To that dear point his thoughts, his wishes bend ; 
And still he owns where'er his footsteps roam, 
Life's choices? blessings centre all at home. 



SCIEXCE OF STENOGEAPHT. 123 

EXERCISE THIRTY-SEVENTH. 

FOR THE learner's PRACTICE. 

THE DAYS THAT ARE PAST. 

We will not deplore them, the days that are past ; 

The gloom of misfortune is over them cast ; 

They are lengthened by sorrow, and sullied by care, 

Their griefs were too many, their joys were too rare ; 

Yet now that their shadows are on us no more. 

Let us welcome the prospect that brightens before ! 

We have cherished fair hopes, we have plotted brave schemes^ 
We have lived till we find them illusive as dreams ; 
Wealth has melted like snow that is grasped in the handj 
And the steps we have climbed have departed like sand. 
Yet shall we despond while of health wnbereft ?^04 
And honor, bright honor, and freedom, are left ? 

Oh ! shall we despond while the pages of time 

i2e-open before us the records sublime ! 

While, eimobled by treasures more precious than gold^ 

We can walk with the martyrs and heroes of old ; 

While humanity whispers such truths in the ear 

As it softens the heart its sweet music to hear? 

Oh ! shall we despond, while with Yision still free, 

We can gaze on the sky and the earth and the sea ; 

While the sunshine can waken a burst of delight, 

And the stars are a joy and a glory by night ; 

While each harmony, runnmg through nature, can raise 

In our SPIRITS the impulse of gladness and praise ? 

Oh ! let us no longer then vainZi/ lament 
Over scenes that are faded and days that are spent : 
But by faith wn forsaken, wnawed by mischance. 
On hope's waving- banner still fixed be our glance : 
And should fortune prove cruel, and false, to the last, 
Let us look to the future and not to the past. 

EPES SARGF-NT. 



124 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

EXERCISE THIRTY-EIGHTH. 

MEMORY. 

A ready recol[lection^^^ ] of our knowledge, at 
the moment when we have occdision for it, is a idl- 
ent of the greate^^ importa/ice. The man possessed 
of it seldom fails to Ai^imguish him^eZfin whatei;er 
sort of busi7ie55 he may be engaged. It is indeed 
evi-dent that where the power of reten^io?z is weak, 
all attempts at eminence of knowledge must be 
vain : for memory is a primary and innA'dmental 
power, without which there could be little other 
intel[lectuaP^^ ] opera^io?!. iwAgment and reason- 
ing suppose something already known, and draw 
their decision only from experie?2ce. Imagina/io?^ 
selects ideas from the tre'dstires of remem[brance,2^^ ] 
and ;p?'oduces novelty only by varied cowMnations. 
We do not even form coiijectures of distant, or an- 
ticipa^io/i5 of future events, but by concludm^ 
what is possiftZe from what is past. 



MEDITATION. 

It is by meditdition that we fix in our memory 
whatever we learn, and form our own judgment of 

the truth or-falsehood, ^02 the strength or-weakness, ^^^ of 

what others speak or write. It is medimion or 
study that draws out long chains of hrgument and 
searches, and finds, deep and difficult truths, which 
BEFORE lay coTzcealed in darlme^^. 



The way to gain a good reputa-tion is to 
endeavor to be what you desire to appear. 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 128 

EXERCISE THIRTY-NINTH. 

FOR THE learner's PRACTICE. 

THE WORLD TO COME. 

If all our hopes and all our fears 

Were prisoned in life's narrow bound ; 
If, travelers through this vale of tears. 

We saw no better world beyond, 
Oh ! what could check the using sigh? 

What EARTHLY thing could pleasure give ? 
Oh ! who would yenture then to die ? — 

Or who would Yenture then to live? 

Were life a dark and desert moor. 

Where mists and clouds eternal spread 
Their gloomy vail behind, before,-^^ 

And temp-ests thunder overheard ; 
Where not a sunbeam breaks the gloom, 

And not a floweret smiles beneath, — 
Who would exist in such a tomb— 

Who dwell in daikness and in death ^ 

And such were life without the ray 

Of our divine religion given ; 
'Tis this that makes our darkness day, 

'T is this that makes our earth a heaven ! 
Bright is the golden sun above, 

And beautiful the flowers that bloom, 
And all is joy, and all is love, 

Re-flected from the world to come ! 

bowring. 
11* 



126 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

EXERCISE FORTIETH. 

FOR THE learner's PRACTICE. 

THE FARMERS OF NEW ENGLAND. 

Mr. Colmanj in one of his addresses, before an agricultural society in 
Connecticut, thus describes the happy condition of an industrious 
New England Farmer. 

"The farmers of New England^^^ have every 
reason to thank God for the condition in which 
they are placed. They need not sigh for more ge- 
nial climes nor more fertile soils; these they cannot 
have WITHOUT dreadful abateme/i^5 of health and 
comfort. Of all the conditions on earth, which it 
has been my lot to see or to read of, I am bold to 
aver that I know of none more favoraWe to health, 
Gompetence, eniojmentj and intel[lectuaP^^ ] and 
moral improveme?i^, than that enjoyed by the rural 
popula^^o7^ of New England. I despise the con- 
tempt with which some pretend to look down 
upon us, and the opprobnnm. which they have the 
impudence to cast upon our habits of thrift and 
frugaK^^. I deem it my highe^^ boast, that I am a 
New England man and a yankee. I do not ask to 
have a living without labor ; this would be ask- 
ing for a curse instead of a blessing, and a boon for 
which I have no claim. I only ask that a living 
shall be secure to me with reasonafe/e labor ; and 
this, New England, in her various departments of 
industry, promises to all her children. 

Better than all this, more than any other commun- 
ity in our country. New England is one common 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 127 

hrothexhoodj linked together by a common sym- 
pathy, a common origin, and the m^erchange of 
good offices. In our civil and religio?^^ hlessmgSj 
where is a community more favored ? Where are 
the means of educa^io^ more extended, the institu- 
tions of rehgion better maintained, the public peace 
more quiet, the standard of morals higher, the 
course of justice more estab[lished,^^^ ] and the 
, courtesies of life more freeZy rendered ? Where is 
the SPIRIT of inquiry and imiprove7nent more 
prompt and diffiisive ? 

From the heaxiiifMl prairies of the great Western 
valley, fertile as the banks of the Nile, and magnif- 
[icent^^^] beyond descripZio^^, I yet return to my 
native home in New England with all the warmth 
of a first LOVE. Her secluded valleys, her Yeidant 
meadows, her rounded summits, her dense forests, 
her rocky mountains, her crystal lakes, her ocean- 
bound shores, her silver streams, her gushiiig 
springs — are all chaiming to me. Here, too, my 
friends and brethren dwell. I am satisfied to live 
UNDER her stormy skies, to encounter her hnstling 
temp-ests, to dig in her hard soil — for the mind, as 
well as the body, is braced by the exiposure and the 
toil. In the midst of what others deem evils, I see 
innnmeYSible^^^ comipenseitions for which I look in 
vain to other countries and climes apparen/Zy more 
favored. In whaXever direction I turn my eyes, 
there is every where such an exubera?ice of bless- 
ings to those who will per-form their duty, that it 



128 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

would be the height of i7igYaXitude^^^ to complain, 
and the height of folZy to abandon a certain good 
for that which is at least ^^^zcertain^*'^ and douhtfiiL 
I cling to her with the warme^^ affec-tion of a child 
—and havm^ been so long sheltered and nourished 
by her never failm^ care and kindness^ I ask only 
that I may find my last restmg'-place in the lap 
which gave me birth." 



EXERCISE FORTY-FIRST. 

Ceuclusion of a Discourse delivered at Plymouth, Mass., Dec. 22d 
1820, in commemoration of the first settlement in New England. — 
By Daniel Webster. 

Let-us-not2^2 forget the religiow^ character of our 
origin. Our father's^o* were brought hither by their 
high venera^io^i for the Christian^^^ religion. They 
journeyed in its light, and labored in its hope. 
They sought to i?icorporate its principles with the 
elements of their society, and to diffuse its influ- 
ence through^^'' all their institu^io/z^, civil, political, 
and literary. Let us cherish these sentiments, and 
extend their influence still more widely; in the 
full couYictioji that that is the happie^^ soeiety 
which partakes in the highest degree of the mild 
and peaceable^i* spirit^^'' of Christianity.^^^ 

The hours of this day are rapidZy fly^w^", and 
this oecdiSion will soon be passed. Neither we nor 
our children can expect to behold its return. They 
are in the distant regions of futurity, they exist 
only in the all-creati/z^ power of God; who shall 



SCIENCE OF STENOGRAPHY. 129 

Stand here, a hundred years hence, to trace 
through^''^ uSj their descent from the pilgrims, and 
to survey, as we-have now surveyed, the progress 
of their country durm^ the lapse of a century. 
We- would anticipate their concuivence with us in 
our sentifnents of deep regard for our common an- 
cestors. We-would anticipate and partake the 
pleasure with which they will then re-count the 
steps of New England's^^^ advanceme/zt On the 
morning of that day, although ^^^ it will not disturb 
us in our repose, the voice of acclama^io?2 and 
gratitude commencing on the rock of Plymouth, ^^ 
shall be ^ra^i^mitted through^^^ millions^^ of the 
sons of the pilgrims, till it lose itself in the mur- 
murs of the Pacific^^^ seas. 

We-would leave, for the consideration of those 
who shall then occupy our places, some proof that 
we hold the blessm^5 transmitted from our fathers 
in just estinmtion ; some proof of our attachme/i^ to 
the cause of good government, and of civil and relig- 
ious liberty ; some proof of a sincere and arde7it de- 
sire to joromote every thing which may enlarge the 
understdindingSj and improve the hearts of men. 
And when from the long dista?ice of a hundred 
years, they shall look back upon us, they shall 
know, at least, that we possessed affec-tions, which, 
running ha^ckward, and warmmg with grati^?^c?e 
for what our ancestors have done for our htxpipinessj 
run fortvard also to our posterity, and meet them 
with cordial salutation, ere yet they have arrived 
on the shore of Bei7ig, 



130 A COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE 

Advance, then, ye fnture genemtio)is ! We- 
would hail you, as you rise in your long succes- 
sion^ to fill the places which we now fill, and to 
taste the blessm^5 of existence where we are pass- 
ing^ and soon shall have passed, our human dura- 
tion. We bid you welcome to this pleasa/i^ land 
of the Fathers.204 We bid you welcome to the 
health/^^Z skies and the YQxdant fields of New Eng- 
land.2^^ We greet your acces^io^i to the great in- 
herita/^ce which we-have enjoyed. We welcome 
you to the blessmg-^ of good govern?7^e^^^, and 
x^Wgious liberty. We welcome you to the trea^^^re^^ 
of scie/zce and the delights of learnmg*. We wel- 
come you to the tra?iscendent sweets of domestic 
life, to the happi?^e55 of kindred, and parents, and 
children. We welcome you to the immeasuraftZe^^^ 
blessm^5 of ration [al^^''^] exist-ence, the immortal'^* 
hope of Christianity.294 and the light of everla.sting' 
Truth. 



INDEX. 

Preface, ^^ 

Testimonials, &c., l^ 

Opinions of Eminent Men on the utility of Short Hand, 24 

Remarks on Application by the Rev. Samuel Davenport 2 5 

Introduction to the Science, Materials for Writing, Choice of Pencils. . 2T 

Choice of Pens, Choice of Paper, 2$ 

Directions for holding Pen or Pencil, learning the Consonants, &c., • 29 

Exercise I. The Consonants Alphabetically arranged, 32 

Exercise II. The Consonants classified, 34 

Exercise III. Examples for the Learner's practice, 36 

Exercise IV. Examples for the Learner's practice, 2U 

Directions for Joining the Consonants, &c., 39 

Of Spelling, &c., 40 

Exposition of the Consonants, 42 

Exposition of the Double Consonants, , 52 

Exercise V. Examples for the Learner's practice, 54 

Exposition of the Vowels and Diphthongs, 57 

Exercise VI. Examples for the Learner's practice, ...... 6-2 

Exercise VII. Examples for the Learner's practice, 67 

On Application of the Alphabetical Characters when written singly, . 70 

Of Proper Names, &c., 71 

Exercise VIII. List of words expressed by the Consonants, ... 72 

Exercise IX. List of words expressed by the Vowels and Diphthongs, 73 

Exercise X. Marks of Abbreviation, Punctuation, &c., 74 

Specimen of Short Hand, No, 1., . 75 

Exercise XI. Select Sentences for the Learner's practice, .... 76 

Exercise XII, W^ords expressed by the Consonants and cross line, $0 

Exercise XIII. Words expressed by the Vowel and cross line, . . SI 

Exercise XIV. Words expressed by Natural Contractions. ... bl! 



f. 



/■ 



132 INDEX. 

Page. 

Of repetition of Words and Sentences, 84 

Of Antitheses, &c 85 

Exercise XV. Examples for the Learner's practice 86 

Exercise XVI, Select Sentences for the Learner's practice. ... 87 
Of Prepositions and Terminations ; Prep, expressed by Arbitrary Signs. 90 
Of Prepositions and Terminations expressed by Alphabetical Characters. 92 
Exercise XVIL List of Prepositions represented by Alpha. Characters. 94 
Exercise XVIIL List of Terminations represented by Alpha. Charac. 95 

Exercise XIX. Examples for the Learner's practice, 96 

Exercise XX. Select Sentences for the Learner's practice. ... 98 

Exercise XXI. "Here then we part for ever." 99 

Exercise XXtl. Examples for the Learner's practice. , . . , . 100 

Exercise XXIII. Examples for the Learner's practice 101 

Exercise XXIV. Examples for the Learner's practice 103 

Exercise XXV. "The Beacon-Light." 106 

Exercise XXVI. "A Son's farewell to his Mother &c." 107 

Exercise XXVII. Prayer. 108 

Of Abbreviation of Words, Combination of Words, &c 109 

Exercise XX VIII. Examples for the Learner's practice 110 

Exercise XXIX. Examples for the Learner's practice Ill 

Miscellaneous Rules and Directions 112 

Exercise XXX. "A Hymn of the Vintagers." . 115 

Exercise XXXI. Select Sentences for the Learner's practice. . . . 116 
Exercise XXXII. Select Sentences for the Learner's practice. . . 117 
ExERCise XXXIII. "The Home of Happier Days," "Religion," . . 118 
Exercise XXXIV. " The Memory of joys that are past." .... 119 
Exercise XXXV. Conclusion of a Speech by Lord Brougham, . . . 120 

Exercise XXXVI. " A Father's Sorrow." 121 

Exercise XXXVII, " The Days that are past." 123 

Exercise XXXVIII. "Memory,*, "Meditation." &c 124 

Exercise XXXIX. " The World to come." 125 

Exercise XL. " The Farmers of New England." 126 

Exercise XLI. Conclusion of a Discourse by Daniel Webster. . . .128 



